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Medical practice
Published in Michael Stolberg, Gabrielle Falloppia, 1522/23–1562, 2023
Repeatedly Falloppia built on his anatomical expertise to explain individual symptoms. For example, he attributed the pain of a patient with a tumor of the tongue to its consensus with the fourth and sixth pairs of the cranial nerves.36 In other cases, he showed precise knowledge of anatomical structures to be even crucial for a correct understanding of the disease. A good example is the case of an eight- or nine-year-old boy who had repeatedly been afflicted by inflammation, dysentery, and catarrh since shortly after his birth.37 More recently, he had thrown up or vomited blood and food mixed with black blood and now he had developed a persistent fever and dark stools. Falloppia located the origin of the evacuated blood in the liver, which produced an excessive amount of hot – and therefore particularly mobile – blood, more than the body could harbor. The fact that he ejected this blood mainly through the mouth indicated to Falloppia its origin in the deep thoracic veins. The boy also complained of pain that moved from his right upper abdomen to his neck, and the boy’s parents told Falloppia that the veins of the neck swelled when the boy read aloud. As Falloppia explained, many veins extended from the liver to the throat but they were very fine. Falloppia saw the source of the blood elsewhere: it came from the veins called “coronariae” at the upper mouth of the stomach, that is, at the beginning of the esophagus. They had their origin in the vena porta and were close to the vena cava.38
Anatomical Rationality
Published in Roger French, Jon Arrizabalaga, Andrew Cunningham, Luis García-Ballester, Medicine from the Black Death to the French Disease, 2019
But John's accessus said nothing about function. From the authors, of course, medical men in the period between the Black Death and French Disease knew in general of the actions of the digestive organs in preparing blood from food, the production of the other humours, the action of the brain and its nerves, the operations of the faculties and spirits. The first tract of the medical textbook of the Middle Ages set out these things in skeleton form.23 But a much more elaborate discussion was presented in Galen's most philosophical book on anatomy, On the Use of the Farts, commonly known in Latin as De Utilitate Particularium (or De Usu Partium). This had been translated from the Greek by Nicholas of Reggio a few years after Mondino finished his Anatomia.
Jamie’s continuing care domains
Published in Rita Pfund, Susan Fowler-Kerry, Sister Frances Dominica, Perspectives on Palliative Care for Children and Young People, 2017
Jamie has many different medications. However, the main challenges and concerns all centre on his uncontrolled diabetes and its interaction with his epilepsy. He has had this since age 3 but it has never been controllable to ‘normal’ standards. He needs his blood tested five to six times a day and during the night. All his doses of insulin are then calibrated against his blood sugar, food intake and general health. It is not possible to have rigid standing orders as his health is too varied, the absorption of food uncontrollable and the effects of the insulin doses are not standard but vary daily. He frequenting becomes ketotic and this is usually after fasting overnight or if ill. He has separate care plans as for hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia, for keto-acidosis and for in the event of a hypo and resultant epileptic fit.
Electroosmotically driven flow of micropolar bingham viscoplastic fluid in a wavy microchannel: application of computational biology stomach anatomy
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Anber Saleem, Mishal Nayab Kiani, Sohail Nadeem, Salman Akhtar, Mehdi Ghalambaz, Alibek Issakhov
The analytical solutions are obtained for peristaltic flow in a vertical channel by Abumandour et al (2020). Abdelsalam (Abdelsalam and Mekheimer 2018) had presented a model to obtain the closed form analytical solutions for peristaltic flow problem. Bhatti (Abdelsalam and Bhatti, 2018a) had mathematically interpreted the peristaltic flow with hall and slip effects. The peristaltic flow of Prandtl fluid with nanoparticles was examined by Abdelsalam and Bhatti (2018b). Vafai (Abdelsalam and Vafai, 2017a) had presented the mathematical study of electro-osmotically driven flow inside microfluidic channels. The numerical, analytical and experimental research problems related to peristaltic flow phenomenon for distinct fluid models is presented under different conditions with reference to diverse mechanical and physiological applications (Shapiro et al. 1969; Jaffrin and Shapiro 1971; Srivastava and Srivastava 1984; Mekheimer and Abd Elmaboud 2008; Pandey and Tripathi 2011). Peristaltic pumps have many uses in transporting blood, slurry, food and corrosive liquids etc. Some recent studies that include the analysis of flow in microfluidic channels and their applications is provided (Elkoumy et al. 2013; Mekheimer et al. 2013; Abdelsalam and Vafai, 2017b; Abd Elmaboud et al. 2019; Abdelsalam et al. 2019; Abdelsalam and Bhatti 2019; Eldesoky, Abdelsalam, El-Askary, Ahmed 2019; Eldesoky, Abdelsalam, El-Askary, El-Refaey, et al. 2019).
Effects of HuoxueJiangtang decoction alone or in combination with metformin on renal function and renal cortical mRNA expression in diabetic nephropathy rats
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2020
Xuemei Liu, Deliang Liu, Youyou Shuai, Huilin Li, Hengxia Zhao, Xin Qu, Shufang Chu, Xuewen Zhang
To test the effect of ZY alone or metformin + ZY on DN, blood glucose, food intake, water intake, and blood and urine indicators were evaluated. The results showed that, compared with the levels in the control group, the blood glucose (26.11 mmol/L), daily food intake (31.18 g), and daily water intake (123.47 mL) levels in the DN group were increased (Figure 2(A–C)). Compared with the levels in the DN group, ZY, metformin, metformin + ZY, and metformin + captopril were able to lower blood glucose, food intake, and water intake (Figure 2(A–C)). Compared with the levels in the ZY and metformin groups, the blood sugar levels in the metformin + ZY and metformin + captopril groups also decreased, indicating that ZY combined with metformin treatment exerted a better effect of lowering blood sugar (Figure 2(C)). Differences in urine parameters between the groups were also observed. Compared with those in the control group, the levels of urine volume (69.90 mL), urine total protein (40.23 mg), and urine albumin (28.41 mg) at 24 h in the DN group were significantly increased; however, these levels in the ZY, metformin, metformin + ZY, and metformin + captopril groups were significantly lower than those in the DN group (Figure 2(D–F)).
Evaluation of elabela, apelin and nitric oxide findings in maternal blood of normal pregnant women, pregnant women with pre-eclampsia, severe pre-eclampsia and umbilical arteries and venules of newborns
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2019
Rulin Deniz, Yakup Baykus, Sefer Ustebay, Kader Ugur, Şeyda Yavuzkir, Suleyman Aydin
Another reason for the low birth weight of the offspring of pre-eclamptic and severe pre-eclamptic mothers may be due to insufficient amounts of ELA (Chng et al. 2013; Wang et al. 2015). As will be recalled, ELA is also synthesised by the placenta (Pritchard et al. 2018) and induces angiogenesis in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (Chng et al. 2013). Therefore, low birth weight of pre-eclamptic and severe pre-eclamptic pregnancies may be due to inadequate angiogenesis in the placenta as a result of insufficient ELA levels. If the amounts of ELA were adequate in the maternal circulation or placenta, this would allow for adequate angiogenesis and so the foetuses feed themselves with more blood (more food) by taking oxygen and they will not be born with a low birth weight. Therefore, it is likely that ELA infusion made with pre-eclamptic pregnant rats may increase foetal birth weights by increasing placental angiogenesis.