China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Vitamin Deficiencies – Diagnosis and Treatment
Published in Jennifer Doley, Mary J. Marian, Adult Malnutrition, 2023
The most common biochemical measures indicative of biotin deficiency are serum concentration of less than 200 pg/mL and 24-hour biotin urinary excretion less than 6 μg/d.1 Whole blood and serum biotin concentrations are not as reliable as urinary analysis, thus the most valid measurement is abnormally decreased urinary excretion of biotin and an abnormally increased urinary excretion of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid greater than 3.3 mmol/mol creatinine.19
Nutritional Diseases
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Chelsea Kesty, Madeline Hooper, Erin McClure, Emily Chea, Cynthia Bartus
Clinical presentation: Patients with biotin deficiency may present with periorificial dermatitis, perianal dermatitis, alopecia, brittle nails, and, in severe cases, neurologic dysfunction. Populations at risk for biotin deficiency include infants born with biotinidase deficiency, pregnant and lactating women, and those with chronic alcohol consumption, which can decrease the absorption of dietary biotin. It is frequently used as a supplement for hair and nail growth, but there are limited data to support this.
Experimental Stomatology
Published in Samuel Dreizen, Barnet M. Levy, Handbook of Experimental Stomatology, 2020
Samuel Dreizen, Barnet M. Levy
All volunteers were in good condition and free from signs and symptoms of avitaminosis when the experiment began. During the 3rd and 4th week, they developed a fine, scaly, nonpruritic dermatitis that disappeared spontaneously. During the 7th and 8th weeks all showed a striking grayish pallor of the skin out of proportion to the blood picture interpreted as evidence of peripheral vasoconstriction. During the same period, the three white subjects showed definite atrophy of the lingual papillae; patchy and productive of a “geographic” tongue in the first, generalized in the second, and confined to the lateral third of the dorsum in the third. The black subject showed no changes in the tongue until the 14th week when a rather rapid denudation of the lingual papillae began. In each, the tongue remained pale throughout without any of the capillary engorgement characteristic of pellagra or ariboflavinosis. Other evidence of biotin deficiency included anorexia, nausea, vomiting, mental depression, muscle pains, paresthesias, and precordial discomfort. All signs and symptoms cleared rapidly following parenteral administration of a concentrate representing 150 to 200 μg biotin per day.
Quantification of biotin in plasma samples by column switching liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 2021
Allan Weimann, Peter Plomgaard, Linda M. Hilsted, Henrik E. Poulsen, Emil L. Larsen
Biotin (or Vitamin B7) is a water-soluble vitamin that acts as a coenzyme for multiple carboxylases in several metabolic processes [1,2]. A whole blood biotin concentration below 0.5 nmol/L is considered compatible with deficiency of biotin as measured by the microbiological assay [3]. Acquired biotin deficiency is observed with long-term use of total parenteral nutrition without enough biotin supplementation or prolonged consumption of raw egg whites or chronic anticonvulsant therapy, but it is not a common condition. 1:75,000 children are born with an inherited deficiency of biotinidase, and analysis for mutations in encoding BTD gene is included in screening programs of new-borns. No adverse effects have been reported for up to 300 times the daily recommended intake [4]. Biotin supplementation is widely used, mainly due to proposed beneficial effects on nail and hair growth [5]. Additionally, high dose biotin supplementation has been suggested to delay progression of multiple sclerosis [6]. A recent study questioned the effects of biotin supplementation in patients with multiple sclerosis [7], and currently a large study evaluating high dose biotin supplementation is ongoing (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03552211).
Effect of perinatal biotin deficiency on auditory pathway of the Wistar-Albino rats
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2019
Nevreste Didem Sonbay Yılmaz, Özer Erdem Gür, Nuray Ensari, Erdogan Bulut, Ozlem Tugce Kaya, Serap Sırvancı, Betul Danısman, Narin Derin, Bahri Gezgin, Nurdan Aygener, Mustafa Deniz Yılmaz
Biotin deficiency in adults occurs with an enzyme deficiency that could disrupt the biotin cycle or when there is an increased metabolic need such as in pregnancy and lactation, or in cases of malnutrition. However, the symptoms are generally mild, such as nail disorders and hair loss, and it does not cause neurological symptoms or hearing loss [3]. Biotin is of critical importance in the fetal period in particular when neurological maturation is very rapid, and in the neonatal period. Biotin deficiency in the fetal period leads to severe neurocutaneous symptoms. Studies that have investigated the effect of biotin on hearing loss have generally been conducted on children with very low biotin vitamin levels because of biotidinase enzyme deficiency. However, if there is maternal dietary biotin intake deficiency in these two critical periods, how this affects the auditory pathways of the newborn is not known.
Biotin for the treatment of nail disease: what is the evidence?
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2018
Shari R. Lipner, Richard K. Scher
Several observations in animals and cells lines led to the hypothesis that biotin could be used to treat human nails. For example, biotin deficiency in swine results in hooves that are brittle, weak, and necrotic and biotin supplementation reverses these changes. This vitamin also improves the strength and hardness of pig claws and equine hoofs even in animals that are not biotin deficient (18–21). In addition, human nails share similarity with animal hooves and claws, in that they are all composed of keratin (22). In humans, insufficient biotin affects multiple organ systems resulting in dermatitis, seizures, vomiting, hypotonia, ataxia, and developmental delay (23,24). Biotin deficiency is exceedingly rare and may be inherited or acquired. Acquired forms may occur in cases of severe malnutrition, total parenteral nutrition without biotin supplementation, long-term anticonvulsant or antibiotic therapy, and ingestion of raw egg whites. Inherited conditions include biotinidase deficiency and multiple carboxylase deficiency. Oral supplementation improves these symptoms and if is infested early is often lifesaving (25). Oral and intravenous biotin has also been shown to have a beneficial effect on atopic dermatitis and cutaneous psoriasis (26,27). In addition, in a keratinocyte cell line, pharmacological biotin concentrations caused upregulation of cytokeratin’s. It also stimulated epidermal cell differentiation and helped to maintain epidermal cell growth (28). A summary of case reports and clinical trials with biotin to treat nail disorders is shown in Table 2.