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Crying and colic
Published in Quentin Spender, Judith Barnsley, Alison Davies, Jenny Murphy, Primary Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2019
Quentin Spender, Judith Barnsley, Alison Davies, Jenny Murphy
Many parents attempt to use medicines to soothe crying babies. The most commonly used is gripe water, although there is no good research-based evidence to show that it works. In the past, dicyclomine (Merbentyl – an antispasmodic) was the most effective medication for colic. It is no longer recommended for babies under six months because of concern about rare respiratory and neurological side effects. Infacol contains dimeticone, which is an antifoaming agent claimed to relieve flatulence, although its value is uncertain. If a crying baby is thought to be suffering from reflux, there may be some value in trying to thicken feeds or use antacid preparations. In general, there is no clear research-based evidence that any of the currently available medicines are effective in crying babies.
Crying and Colic
Published in Quentin Spender, Niki Salt, Judith Dawkins, Tony Kendrick, Peter Hill, David Hall, Jackie Carnell, Child Mental Health in Primary Care, 2018
Quentin Spender, Niki Salt, Judith Dawkins, Tony Kendrick, Peter Hill, David Hall, Jackie Carnell
Many parents attempt to use medicines to soothe crying babies. The type most commonly used is gripe water, although there is no reliable research-based evidence to show that it works. In the past, dicyclomine (Merbentyl, an antispasmodic) was the most effective medication for colic. It is no longer recommended for babies under six months of age because of concern about rare respiratory and neurological side-effects. Infacol contains dimeticone, which is an antifoaming agent that is claimed to relieve flatulence, although its value is uncertain. If a crying baby is thought to be suffering from reflux, there may be some value in trying to thicken his feeds or use antacid preparations. In general, there is no clear research-based evidence that any of the currently available medicines are effective in crying babies.
Commonly prescribed drugs
Published in Alistair Burns, Michael A Horan, John E Clague, Gillian McLean, Geriatric Medicine for Old-Age Psychiatrists, 2005
Alistair Burns, Michael A Horan, John E Clague, Gillian McLean
Antacids usually contain aluminium or magnesium compounds, and may cause improvement in symptoms in dyspepsia and gastro-oesophageal reflux (in the absence of erosions), where symptoms are expected to arise between me�is and at bedtime. Doses are 10 mi three or four times a day, and liquid preparations are more effective than solid. Magnesium-contain- ing antacids tend to be more laxative, and aluminium-containing ones tend to be more constipating. Sodium bicarbonate should no longer be used for the relief of dyspepsia, or bismuth-containing antacids because of the absorption of bismuth, which can be neurotoxic. An antifoaming agent, simethicone, can be added to relieve flatulence.
Faecal microbiota transfer in patients with microscopic colitis – a pilot study in collagenous colitis
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2020
Savanne Holster, Julia Rode, Johan Bohr, Ashok Kumar Kumawat, Gábor Veress, Elisabeth Hultgren Hörnquist, Robert Jan Brummer, Julia König
Ten patients were included in the study (Table 3). All patients were female and between 44 and 70 years of age. If using budesonide before the start of the study, this was discontinued at least 11 days before the baseline visit. In nine of the ten patients, the CC diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology of the biopsies collected from the ascending colon and right flexure during the whole colonoscopy for the first FMT. In one patient, an earlier histology-based CC diagnosis could not be confirmed, although the inclusion criteria (based on symptoms assessed by interview) were fulfilled. The results of this patient were excluded from the analyses. Three of the nine remaining patients had co-morbid autoimmune or chronic inflammatory disease. Table 4 shows the concomitant medications of the patients which were kept stable until after the 12-week visit. In addition, four patients occasionally took loperamide and one patient occasionally took simeticone (an anti-foaming agent) during the course of the study. Three patients were current smokers, five patients had smoked in the past and one patient had never smoked. One patient was lost to follow-up after the six-week visit for unknown reasons. Two patients started with budesonide between eight and twelve weeks, both as they were not content with the effect of the FMT treatment. No dietary changes were reported.
The P50 value detected by the oxygenation-dissociation analyser and blood gas analyser
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2020
Zongtang Chu, Ying Wang, Guoxing You, Quan Wang, Ning Ma, Bingting Li, Lian Zhao, Hong Zhou
Three milligrams of haemoglobin or an equal volume of RBCs were used to calculate haemoglobin content according to formula (2) after dilution in 4 ml of BLOODOX-Solution buffer mixed with 20 μL bovine serum albumin (A7034, Sigma Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA), and 20 μL of anti-foaming agent (Sigma Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA). The sample-buffer was drawn into a cuvette, equilibrated and brought to 37 °C, and oxygenated to 100% with air at the same time. After adjustment of the pO2 value, the sample was deoxygenated with nitrogen. A Clark oxygen electrode was used to detect changes of oxygen tension during the deoxygenation process on the x-axis of an x-y recorder, while the deoxyhemoglobin fraction was simultaneously monitored by dual-wavelength spectrophotometry at 560 and 570 nm, and displayed on the y-axis. Finally, the ODC was automatically recorded on graph paper, as shown in Figure 1(b). The P50 value was extrapolated on the x-axis as the point at which O2 saturation is 50%.
Major component causing neurological toxicity in acute glufosinate ammonium poisoning: determination of glufosinate, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, and ammonia in serum and cerebrospinal fluid
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2022
Seonghoon Yeon, Sung Hwa Kim, Juhyun Sim, Sunchun Kim, Yoonsuk Lee, Hyun Kim, Yong Sung Cha
Poisoning with glufosinate ammonium (GLA), the active ingredient in non-selective herbicides available in many countries, can cause severe neurological complications, such as serious disturbances of consciousness, seizures, or central apnoea [1–4]. GLA herbicides contain glufosinate, 1-methoxy-2-propanol (1M2P, propylene glycol methyl ether), sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES, sodium lauryl [polyoxyethylene] alkyl ether sulfate), antifoaming agent, colouring agent, and water (formulation according to BASTA® Safety data sheet). However, a few manufacturers only mention glufosinate, 1M2P, and SLES on their BASTA safety data sheet [5–7].