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Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals from Fish and Their Activities
Published in Ramasamy Santhanam, Santhanam Ramesh, Subramanian Nivedhitha, Subbiah Balasundari, Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals from Fish and Fish Wastes, 2022
Ramasamy Santhanam, Santhanam Ramesh, Subramanian Nivedhitha, Subbiah Balasundari
Antibacterial activity: The bacterial species associated with this species possess antibacterial activities. The bacterial genera such as Pseudomonas, Psychrobacter, and Stenotrophomonas showed activity against E. coli and B. cereus exhibited activity against E. coli, MRSA, MSSA, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) (Ritchie et al., 2017).
Monographs of Topical Drugs that Have Caused Contact Allergy/Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Penicillamine is the most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics, but it has no antibacterial activity. Its pharmaceutical form is D-penicillamine, as L-penicillamine is toxic (it inhibits the action of pyridoxine). Penicillamine is a copper-chelating agent used in the treatment of Wilson’s disease. It is also used to reduce cystine excretion in cystinuria. Another indication of penicillamine is in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It works by immunosuppression: reducing numbers of T-lymphocytes, inhibiting macrophage function, decreasing IL-1, and decreasing rheumatoid factor. This agent also prevents collagen from cross-linking (1). In ophthalmology, penicillamine used to be administered as eye drops in a 3% solution in water to prevent corneal fibrosis after chemical trauma (2,3). Currently, such eye drops are probably are not in use anymore.
Antimicrobial Compounds from Medicinal Plants: Effects on Antibiotic Resistance to Human Pathogens
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Ademola Olabode Ayeleso, T. Jesse Joel, Sujogya Kumar Panda, The Therapeutic Properties of Medicinal Plants, 2019
Olutoyin Omolara Bamigboye, Idowu Jesulayomi Adeosun
Farjana et al., [21] determined the antimicrobial action of extracts of guava (Pisidium guajava), green tea (Camellia sinensis), Neem (Azardirachita indica) and Marigold (Calendula officinales) against different species of bacterial including Pseudomonas spp, Vibrio cholera, V. parahemolyticus, Klebsiella spp, E. coli. Salmonella spp and S. aureus. The leaf extracts showed antibacterial activity against different bacteria species and can be utilized as an alternative to routine antimicrobial agents as a remedy for bacterial infection.
Adjunctive probiotics after periodontal debridement versus placebo: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2022
Ethan Ng, John Rong Hao Tay, Seyed Ehsan Saffari, Lum Peng Lim, Kong Mun Chung, Marianne Meng Ann Ong
Probiotics such as Lactobacillus also have antibacterial activity via bacteriocins or other products. Lactic acid production from Lactobacillus lowers pH and disrupts the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria [25,26]. Fortunately, short-term consumption of these probiotics does not appear to influence the acid production of plaque [27]. Lactobacillus and Streptococcus species also produce hydrogen peroxide which is bactericidal and fungicidal via its oxidizing effect [28,29]. Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria and these toxins play a critical role in mediating competitive dynamics between bacterial strains [30]. Reuterin, a bacteriocin produced by L. reuteri, can inhibit bacterial growth, yeasts, fungi, and viruses [31,32]. In the oral cavity, L. reuteri has demonstrated degradation activity and growth inhibition on pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinomyces actinomycetemcomitans [33–35]. On the other hand, bacteriocin production by Bifidobacterium species appears to be a rarer trait [36].
Liposomes with pH responsive ‘on and off’ switches for targeted and intracellular delivery of antibiotics
Published in Journal of Liposome Research, 2021
Calvin A. Omolo, Nagia A. Megrab, Rahul S. Kalhapure, Nikhil Agrawal, Mahantesh Jadhav, Chunderika Mocktar, Sanjeev Rambharose, Kaminee Maduray, Bongani Nkambule, Thirumala Govender
The success of antibiotics since the middle of the 20th century to manage infectious diseases has been immense, however bacterial infections continue to cause significant challenges worldwide (Gao et al. 2014). Since the discovery of antibiotics, resistant bacterial strains have emerged against almost all the introduced newly antibiotics within a short period of time (Aminov 2010, Sommer et al. 2017), which results to short half-life between the introduction of new antibiotics and the development of resistant strains (Coates et al. 2002). This is also further compounded by the drying up of the antibiotic pipeline (MacGowan and Macnaughton 2017). There is therefore there is a need for approaches to safeguard and enhance antibacterial activity of the existing antibiotics to greatly extend the period between the introduction of antibiotics and the development of resistance.
In vitro immunotoxicological assessment of a potent microbicidal nanocomposite based on graphene oxide and silver nanoparticles
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2019
Luis Augusto Visani de Luna, Nahiara Esteves Zorgi, Ana Carolina Mazarin de Moraes, Douglas Soares da Silva, Sílvio Roberto Consonni, Selma Giorgio, Oswaldo Luiz Alves
As goals for the future improvement of GOAg nanocomposite, we offer several suggestions to support research groups interested in its safe translation into medicine. Among them, increasing the selectivity of the nanomaterial to bacteria may be crucial to reduce its toxicity to non-target cells. Chen et al. (2017) demonstrated several technologies for the improvement of nanomaterials selectivity for pathogenic bacteria, such as conjugation with antibodies or peptide molecules. Morones-Ramirez et al. (2013) proposed the combination of AgNP-based nanomaterials with antibiotic molecules. This strategy was found to restore the antibacterial activity of ineffective antibiotic molecules by circumventing bacteria mechanisms of resistance. Particularly for GOAg, combining the nanomaterial with antibiotic molecules could reduce the nanomaterial concentration, thus avoiding toxicity to non-target cells.