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Natural Products from the Amazon Region as Potential Antimicrobials
Published in Mahendra Rai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Eco-Friendly Biobased Products Used in Microbial Diseases, 2022
Josiane E. A. Silva, Iasmin L. D. Paranatinga, Elaine C. P. Oliveira, Silvia K. S. Escher, Ananda S. Antonio, Leandro S. Nascimento, Patricia P. Orlandi, Valdir F. Veiga-Júnior
A more common fruit in tropical regions, including Amazonia, is the cashew (Anacardium occidentale - Anacardiaceae). Several pharmacological activities have already been described, such as anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antimicrobial. Leaf plant extracts of the Anacardium occidentale L. species have shown to be potentially active against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans strains, showing the antimicrobial potential of the cashew extract (Anand et al. 2015; Ajileye et al. 2015). The inhibition halo assay is another very useful method to analyze the potential antimicrobial activity. A paper disk containing an amount of a known antibiotic is put in a microorganism growth media, such as agar (Table 2.2). The zone of inhibition around the antibiotic-containing disk indicates the sensitivity of the bacteria to the antibiotic in the disk. With this assay, unknown substances or complex mixtures, such as extracts, can be evaluated in comparison to known antibiotics.
Traditional Malay Ulam for Healthy Ageing
Published in Goh Cheng Soon, Gerard Bodeker, Kishan Kariippanon, Healthy Ageing in Asia, 2022
Jamia Azdina Jamal, Khairana Husain
In 1998, Kamtchouing et al. reported the protective effect of aqueous extract of Anacardium occidentale leaves (175 mg/kg) administered to rats twice daily against streptozotocin-induced diabetes (Kamtchouing et al. 1998).
Perspectives of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) in a Pharmacotherapeutic Context
Published in P. Mereena Luke, K. R. Dhanya, Didier Rouxel, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Sabu Thomas, Advanced Studies in Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2021
Tomy Muringayil Joseph, Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, P. Mereena Luke, Józef T. Haponiuk, Sabu Thomas
The shell of the cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale L.) contains an alkylphenolic oil named CNSL amounting to nearly 25% of the total weight of the nut. This oil is composed of anacardic acid (3-n-pentadecylsalicylic acid), and lesser amounts of cardanol (3-n-pentadecylphenol), cardol (5-n-pentadecylresorcinol), methylcardol (2-methyl-5-n-pentadecylresorcinol) and a small amount of polymeric material (Figure 6.2). The long aliphatic side-chains of CNSL are saturated, mono-olefinic (8), di-olefinic (8, 11), and tri-olefinic (8, 11, 14) with an average value of two double bonds per molecule. A large number of chemicals and products have been developed starting from CNSL by taking advantage of the three reactive sites, namely, phenolic hydroxyl, aromatic ring, and unsaturation (s) in the alkenyl side chain [11].
Leaf extract of Anacardium occidentale ameliorates biomarkers of neuroinflammation, memory loss, and neurobehavioral deficit in N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) treated rats
Published in Biomarkers, 2023
Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi, Adedeji Kolawole Adebayo, Olamide Elizabeth Adebiyi, Kabirat Oluwaseun Adigun, Oluwabusayo Racheal Folarin, Oluwaseun Olanrewaju Esan, Temitayo Olabisi Ajibade, Blessing Seun Ogunpolu, Olufunke Olubunmi Falayi, Iyanuoluwa Omolola Ogunmiluyi, Temidayo Olutayo Omobowale, Olufunke Eunice Ola-Davies, James Olukayode Olopade, Adebowale Benard Saba, Adeolu Alex Adedapo, Sanah Malomile Nkadimeng, Lyndy Joy McGaw, Momoh Audu Yakubu, Evaristus Nwulia, Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju
Anacardium occidentale is a plant that is widely used in Africa for the treatment of various ailments (Tchikaya et al. 2011). It is a potent anti-inflammatory agent in the brain against microglial cell injury as well as in other experimental models of wound healing and diabetes (Vasconcelos et al. 2015, Khan et al. 2013, Olajide et al. 2013). In addition, the antioxidant effects of extracts from different parts of the Anacardium occidentale plant have been described in various studies (Yogini et al. 2012, Souza et al. 2017, Baptista et al. 2018). Furthermore, neuroprotective actions of Anacardium occidentale have also been described (Duangjan et al.2021, Rossi et al.2021, Martins et al.2018, Velagapudi et al.2018, Wattanathorn et al.2017). The present study evaluated the neuroproective effect of the leaf extract of Anacardium occidentale on neuroinflammation, memory loss, and neurobehavioral deficit in L-NAME-treated rats.
Nutrigenomics in Parkinson’s disease: diversity of modulatory actions of polyphenols on epigenetic effects induced by toxins
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2023
Moara Rodrigues-Costa, Matheus Santos de Sousa Fernandes, Gabriela Carvalho Jurema-Santos, Lílian Vanessa da Penha Gonçalves, Belmira Lara da Silveira Andrade-da-Costa
Agathisflavone (FAB) (8-[5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-6-yl]-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one) is a yellow colored biflavonoid that can be extracted from the Poincianella pyramidalis or Anacardium occidentale plants. Poincianella pyramidalis is an endemic plant of the Caatinga, selected by animals grazing on native pasture. Anacardium occidentale, known as the cashew nut, has its origin in north-eastern Brazil. Recently, it has been found to be present in several other countries where the nuts and apples are used for nutrition. FAB has been reported for its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective effects.89 It has also been observed that FAB acts against aminochrome cytoxicity by preventing lysosomal dysfunction and cell death in PD.90 It appears that these protective effects in PD also involve epigenetic mechanisms. In the SH-SY5Y cell lineage and BV2 microglia, it has been demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective action of FAB involves the activity of the SIRT-1 enzyme in NF-Kb signaling pathway, making this bioactive substance another natural candidate for nutrigenomics therapy against PD.16
Development and formulation of antidiabetic property of Anarcadium occidantale-based solid lipid microparticles
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2022
Kingsley C. Eze, Calister E. Ugwu, Fimber S. Odo, George C. Njoku
Fresh leaves of Anacardium occidentale were collected from plants growing in Eha-Alumona, Enugu state, Nigeria whereas fresh seeds of Irvingia gabonensis were purchased from Orba Market in Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria. A taxonomist of the International Centre identified both plant materials for Ethno-medicine and Drug Development (InterCEDD) in Nsukka, Nigeria. All other reagents used were of analytical grade and used as supplied.