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Chemosensory Disorders and Nutrition
Published in Alan R. Hirsch, Nutrition and Sensation, 2023
Carl M. Wahlstrom, Alan R. Hirsch, Bradley W. Whitman
Chemosensory Testing: Olfaction: Alcohol Sniff Test: 0 (anosmia). Pocket Sniff Test: 1/4 (anosmia). Odor Memory Test: 1 at 10 seconds, 0 at 30 seconds, 0 at 60 seconds, and total, 1/12 (anosmia). Sniff Magnitude Test: 0.97 (anosmia). Brief Smell Identification Test: 7 (adjusted for age and sex, anosmia). Olfactometer Olfactory Identification Test: left nostril: 6 (anosmia), right nostril: 5 (anosmia). Suprathreshold Amyl Acetate Odor Intensity Test: dirhinous: > −2.0 (anosmia). The Snap and Sniff® Olfactory Threshold Test: dirhinous: > −2.0 (anosmia). Retronasal Olfactory Testing: Retronasal Smell Index: 0 (anosmia).
Freeze Fracture in Lung Research
Published in Joan Gil, Models of Lung Disease, 2020
A variety of cleaning agents have been used to remove the underlying sample from the replica. These include sulfuric acid, dichromate cleaning solution, sodium hydroxide, and sodium hypochlorite (Chlorox). When one is dealing with cell pellets, the replicas will often fragment during the cleaning process. The application of a film of 0.3% parlodion in amyl acetate is helpful to maintain the replica intact. The cleaned replica is then picked up on a Formvar-coated grid and examined in the electron microscope.
Fragrance for Hair Care Products
Published in Dale H. Johnson, Hair and Hair Care, 2018
While pump sprays are less difficult to work with than aerosols, a perfumer must consider foremost the initial burst of the formula basenotes which must be effectively neutralized. This is made more difficult because the fragrance level is generally low (0.1% to 0.3%). Residual characteristics should be reduced since the spray pattern will diffuse background notes too soon and distort the fragrance balance. Again, the topnotes must be enhanced—sometimes by as much as 20% to 30%. The addition of a diffusive masking agent such as amyl acetate can alleviate some of the problems and not interfere with the basic fragrance character.
Dose and time response study to develop retinal degenerative model of zebrafish with lead acetate
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2022
The eye were enucleated and fixed in 5% glutraldehyde at 4˚C overnight. Next day retina was isolated and washed with 0.1 M Sorenson’s buffer. Post fixation was done with 1% osmium tetraoxide at 4 °C for 1 h. The tissue was subjected to dehydration with ascending series of acetone upto 100% concentration at 4 °C. This retinal tissue was further treated with different ratios of acetone and amyl acetate (Acetone:Amyl acetate- 3:1, 1:1, 1:3) at 4 °C. Finally, tissue was dried using CPD (Critical Point Dryer). Dried sample were loaded on metallic specimen stubs and specimens were coated with platinum ion using sputter coater (Hitachi MC1000). The conducted specimen was examined under Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (Hitachi SU1080, Japan) at CIL, Panjab University, Chandigarh.
Food restriction reconfigures naïve and learned choice behavior in Drosophila larvae
Published in Journal of Neurogenetics, 2020
Benita Brünner, Juliane Saumweber, Merve Samur, Denise Weber, Isabell Schumann, Deepthi Mahishi, Astrid Rohwedder, Andreas S. Thum
Experiments were performed using standard methods (Apostolopoulou et al., 2013; Neuser et al., 2005). Petri dishes filled with a thin layer containing either 2.5% (w/v) pure agarose or agarose 2 M fructose. As olfactory stimuli, 10 µl amyl acetate (1:250 diluted in paraffin oil) and benzaldehyde were used as described before. A first group of 30 animals was exposed to AM while crawling on agarose medium also containing fructose as a positive reinforcer. After 5 min, larvae were transferred to a fresh, pure-agarose Petri dish and exposed to BA (AM+/BA). This cycle of training trials was repeated two more times. A second group of larvae received reciprocal training (AM/BA+). Usually, 80 min after training (if not indicated otherwise) larvae were transferred from rest plates onto test plates containing pure agarose with AM and BA presented on opposite sides. After 5 min, individuals were counted as located on the AM side (#AM), the BA side (#BA), or in a neutral zone of about 10 mm.
Redox modulatory protective effects of ω-3 fatty acids rich fish oil against experimental colitis
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2019
Mohita Sharma, Ramanpreet Kaur, Kuldeep Kaushik, Naveen Kaushal
Colons from all the treatment groups were fixed in 4% glutaraldehyde prepared in 200 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) followed by dehydration in ascending grades of acetone. The sample were then immersed in a mixture of acetone and amyl acetate (1:1, v/v) followed by amyl acetate alone (30 min each). Following this, the tissues were pasted on metallic stubs and were placed inside the sputter for gold coating (15 min). These were then examined under scanning electron microscope (JEOL 2601, Tokyo, Japan) at Electron Microscopy Unit, Regional Sophisticated Instrumentation Center-Central Instrumentation Laboratory, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India and images were clicked for analysis.