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Plant Source Foods
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Vegetable oils are lipid liquid extracted from different parts of plants such as seeds (rapeseed, sunflower seed), legumes (peanut, soybean), nuts (walnut, almond), or the flesh of some fruits (olives) (273–276). Vegetable oils are pressed from the plants and are then processed and refined to produce high-quality oils suitable for use as an ingredient in recipes, for frying, in salad dressings, and in the production of margarines and spreads (273). Culinary oils are liquid at room temperature. Major edible vegetable oils in terms of production include soybean, sunflower, palm oil, and rapeseed, which together account for approximately 79% of the total production in the world (273–275). Other oils such as olive oil, sesame oil, peanut oil, corn oil, canola oil, flaxseed oil, and coconut oil are also used for frying, salad dressing, and snack food processing. Some oils extracted from nuts like almond oil, walnut oil, cashew oil, and pine nut oil are very expensive and mainly used as flavoring agents or in traditional medicine. Oils obtained by distillation are called essences, which are mainly destined for medicinal or cosmetic uses.
Monographs of essential oils that have caused contact allergy / allergic contact dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Bitter almonds naturally contain traces of hydrogen cyanide (HCN, prussic acid), recognized as a lethal compound worldwide. The reported lethal dose of HCN is 1 mg/kg body weight. Therefore, the oils are rectified to remove the toxic hydrogen cyanide (www.thegoodscentscompany.com) and may be used for food flavoring, e.g. in marzipan. Bitter almond oil is no longer used for internal medication and is not used in the fragrance and cosmetics industry or in aromatherapy. The oil is increasingly being replaced by synthetic benzaldehyde in food flavorings.
Aromatic Medicine
Published in Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Surya Prakash Gautam, Herbal Product Development, 2020
Sakshi Bajaj, Himangini Bansal
Essential oils can be ingested through the skin by scouring or topical application. This advances an all-encompassing recuperating of the entire body by going through the bloodstream and influencing various organs of the body. A portion of these oils are likewise potent antiviral, antifungal, and antiseptic in nature. The utilization of grape seed, jojoba, or almond oil in unadulterated vegetable oil during massage has been appeared to have amazing effects. This is additionally called as recuperating touch of massage therapy (Soden et al., 2004).
Clinical cosmeceutical repurposing of melatonin in androgenic alopecia using nanostructured lipid carriers prepared with antioxidant oils
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2018
Shymaa Hatem, Maha Nasr, Noha H Moftah, Maha H Ragai, Ahmed S Geneidi, Seham A Elkheshen
Melatonin NLCs were formulated using antioxidant oils, namely olive, soybean, almond, and evening primrose oils. Olive oil contains at least 30 phenolic compounds such as simple phenols (tyrosol and hydroxyl tyrosol), flavonoids, aldehydic secoiridoids, lignans, and vitamins as vitamin E, which are known to possess potent free radical scavenging effects [52,53]. Almond oil contains caffeic, vanillic, ferulic acids, p-coumaric, kaempferol, quercetin, delphinidin, isorhamnetin, cyaniding, and procyanidin B2 and B3 in addition to vitamin E, all of which were proven to be strong antioxidants [54,55]. Evening primrose oil contains gallic acid together with methyl- and ethyl-esters, caffeic, protocatechuic and ellagic acids (−)−epicatechin, (+)−catechin, quercetin, (−)−epicatechingallate, procyanidins, penta-O-galloylo-β-D-glucose, which were proven to be potent anti-oxidants [56,57]. Soybean oil contains six isoflavones, which are considered major phenolic antioxidant compounds, namely genistin, daidzin, daidzein, glycitin, glycitein, and genistein [58]. All of these aforementioned components within the chosen NLCs oils serve as natural antioxidants proven to prevent the formation of free radicals.
The Effect of Educational Program for New Mothers about Infant Abdominal Massage and Foot Reflexology for Decreasing Colic at Najran City
Published in Comprehensive Child and Adolescent Nursing, 2021
Awad Mohammed Al Qahtani, Howaida Moawad Ahmed
The safe application of essential oils is essential in a pediatric context and requires specialist knowledge in relation to issues such as frequency of usage. It is particularly recommended that essential oils are appropriately diluted in base oils such as vegetable oils, or in creams, gels or even water. The sedating, anti-spasmodic qualities of lavender oil render it especially suitable for the relief of symptoms associated with colic or abdominal pain and distention. Rich in vitamins E and D, almond oil is notably useful as a massage oil and possesses qualities which maintain suppleness and overall health in the skin (Aslan, 2016).
Nanoemulsion-based dosage forms for the transdermal drug delivery applications: A review of recent advances
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2022
Ankita Roy, Kumar Nishchaya, Vineet Kumar Rai
Patches and NEs are known for their pain-free transdermal drug delivery. However, the comparative analysis of their transdermal utilities draws a more precise conclusion. Hussain et al. (2012) developed ketoprofen patches. They applied them on the skin to check the effect of almond oil, as a penetration enhancer, on drugs penetration through the artificial membrane and rabbit’s skin. The developed patches helped a 1.5-fold increase in drug permeation compared to gel in a 48-h investigation. Almond oil (3%) showed the best penetration enhancement effect [54]. However, using penetration enhancers is discouraged by the formulators. In 2014, ketoprofen nanoemulgel was also investigated for transdermal delivery. Being a poorly water-soluble drug, its oral delivery could not be achieved comprehensively. In this case, the nanoemulgel showed a significant increase in cumulative drug permeation flux (1.6-fold increase) and presented lower lag time and skin retention than marketed formulation, substantiating the author’s claim to be a feasible alternative to conventional formulations [54]. Rhee et al. (2013) developed Aceclofenac adhesive transdermal patch to avoid oral dosage forms related adverse effects. The patch comprised of 12% Aceclofenac and 20% lauryl alcohol in DT-2852 (pressure-sensitive adhesive) presented optimum results. This developed patch showed 18.2% relative bioavailability in human subjects compared to an oral formulation. It was recognized as a substitute for oral Aceclofenac administration even though the bioavailability in transdermal delivery is low. It was assumed that transdermal application is much more beneficial against arthritis than its oral bioavailability due to its more local availability at the disease sites, reducing its systemic availability and adverse effects. An anti-inflammatory or anti-arthritis drug hardly needs high systemic availability. However, it is a matter of investigation as the delivered dose is enough to provide a therapeutic effect [56]. The fate of aceclofenac-nanoemulgel was also investigated in 2007 against its conventional gel. Its nanoemulgel was able to increase steady-state flux (J(ss)), permeability coefficient (K(p)), and enhancement ratio (E(r)) and decrease inflammation (on carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats) in 24-h, when compared with simple gel [57]. Curcumin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles-based patch presented a very new approach for transdermal delivery. The patches with permeation enhancers increased the drug’s permeation enhancement ratio up to 6.5-fold compared to patches without permeation enhancers [58]. However, a curcumin nanoemulsion meant for transdermal delivery improved the drug’s permeation flux from the hydrophilic matrix gel, changing the release kinetics from zero-order to a Higuchi model [59].