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Cell-Mediated Immunity and its Role in Protection
Published in Mary M. Stevenson, Malaria: Host Responses to Infection, 2017
John H. L. Playfair, K. Rebecca Jones, Janice Taverne
We have found that triglyceride and malondialdehyde levels in rabbit TNS are increased compared with normal rabbit serum and that, following ultracentrifugation, inhibitory activity against P. falciparum is found in both the lipoprotein and nonlipoprotein fractions while TNF remains in the nonlipoprotein fraction. The serum can also be rendered nontoxic to P. falciparum by treatment with aerosil, a fumed silica which removes lipids. These observations are consistent with oxidized lipoproteins being at least partly responsible for the antimalarial activity in TNS,29a although the antiparasite effects of TNS in vitro cannot be inhibited by antioxidants.30 It has been suggested that peroxidized or oxidized lipids derived by the interaction of ROI with lipids or lipoproteins may be toxic to malaria parasites. These molecules are more stable than the ROI from which they are derived, which have a half-life of fractions of seconds and whose direct action is therefore limited to the immediate vicinity of the effector cell source.
Dry-Fill Formulation and Filling Technology
Published in Larry L. Augsburger, Stephen W. Hoag, Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, 2017
Pavan Heda, Vikas Agarwal, Shailesh K. Singh
Hogan et al.9 investigated the relationship between drug properties, filling parameters, and release of drugs from hard gelatin capsules using multivariate statistical analysis. They concluded that the optimum concentration for Aerosil (colloidal silica) appears to be 1%, with respect to both coefficient of fill weight variation and flowability, as measured by Carr’s CI.
Directly compressible formulation of immediate release rosuvastatin calcium tablets stabilized with tribasic calcium phosphate
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2022
Daniel Zakowiecki, Tobias Hess, Krzysztof Cal, Barbara Mikolaszek, Grzegorz Garbacz, Dorota Haznar-Garbacz
Rosuvastatin calcium EP was purchased from Cadchem Laboratories Limited (Chandigarh, India) with very fine particles (≥90% below 13 µm) and water content ≈5.6%. Tribasic calcium phosphate fine powder (TCP fine): TRI-CAFOS® 200-7 with a medium particle size ≈4 µm, coarse tribasic calcium phosphate (TCP coarse): TRI-CAFOS® 500 with a medium particle size ≈100 µm, anhydrous dibasic calcium phosphate of acidic pH (DCPA(A)): DI-CAFOS® A150 with a medium particle size ≈150 µm, and anhydrous dibasic calcium phosphate neutral (DCPA(N) with a medium particle size ≈120 µm were manufactured by Chemische Fabric Budenheim KG (Budenheim, Germany). Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC): Heweten® 102 with a medium particle size ≈130 µm was purchased from JRS Pharma (Rosenberg, Germany). α-Lactose monohydrate: Tablettose® 100 with a median particle size ≈125 µm was manufactured by Meggle Group (Wasserburg, Germany). Fumed silica: Aerosil® 200 from Evonik (Rheinfelden, Germany). Low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC): LH-11 was purchased from ShinEtsu (Wiesbaden, Germany). Magnesium stearate: Ligamed® MF-2-V was purchased from Peter Greven Fett-Chemi (Venlo, The Netherlands). Film-coating system: AquaPolish® P pink 640.20 PVA was produced by Biogrund (Huenstetten, Germany). Crestor® 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, and 40 mg film-coated tablets were used as a reference product (AstraZeneca UK Ltd., Luton, UK).
Solid self-microemulsifying nutraceutical delivery system for hesperidin using quality by design: assessment of biopharmaceutical attributes and shelf-life
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2021
Shailesh S. Chalikwar, Sanjay J. Surana, Sameer N. Goyal, Kaushalendra K. Chaturvedi, Pankaj V. Dangre
Hesperidin (>98%) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA and it was used as a model component in the formulation. Maisine CC®, Peceol®, Lauroglycol 90®, Labrafill M 1944 CS®, Labrasol® and Transcutol-H® were obtained as gift samples by M/s Gattefosse, Mumbai, India. Gift samples of Capmul MCM® and Captex 200® were provided by M/s Abitec Corporation, USA. Tween-80, Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400, 200, propylene glycol (PG), oleic acid, castor oil, and ethanol were purchased from Loba Chemie, India. Nesulin US2® (Magnesium aliminometasilicate) was a kind gift obtained from Gangwal Chemical Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai (Fuji Chemicals, Toyama, Japan). Aerosil 200® was procured from Evonik India Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India. Dialysis membrane (mol. weight cutoff: 12,000) was procured from Hi-Media, Mumbai, India. Streptozotocin was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. Blood glucose reagent kit was purchased from Erba Diagnostic, Mumbai, India. Analytical grade chemicals and solvents were utilised throughout the studies.
Impact of various solid carriers and spray drying on pre/post compression properties of solid SNEDDS loaded with glimepiride: in vitro-ex vivo evaluation and cytotoxicity assessment
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2018
Sarvi Yadav Rajesh, Sachin Kumar Singh, Narendra Kumar Pandey, Parth Sharma, Palak Bawa, Bimlesh Kumar, Monica Gulati, Subheet Kumar Jain, Kuppusamy Gowthamarajan, Saurabh Singh
The in vitro dissolution studies revealed nearly superimposable drug release profiles for S-SNEDDS powders, vis-à-vis the L-SNEDDS, respectively (p > .05). All the formulations exhibited faster drug release characteristics (>90%) within 10 min and almost complete drug release in 15 min (Figure 2). On the contrary, the raw drug showed only a maximum of 48% release in 60 min time period. Nearly 2.08-folds improvement in the dissolution rate was, therefore, revealed by the prepared formulation, vis-à-vis raw glimepiride. Besides, stronger physical interactions of the SNEDDS with hydrophobic surface of silica particles of Aerosil 200 are also responsible for impeding the dissolution rate of the drug at initial time points [2,44,45]. Overall, the statistical analysis of dissolution behavior through profile comparison tests by calculating similarity factor (f2) showed a value of 70.21 for S-SNEDDS powder, vis-à-vis the L-SNEDDS, respectively. In both the cases, f2 values > 50 confirmed the analogous drug release profiles from the liquid and solid SNEDDS formulations, indicating immediate release nature of both the formulations.