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Biliary Tract Cancer
Published in Pat Price, Karol Sikora, Treatment of Cancer, 2020
Hemant M. Kocher, Vincent S. Yip, Ajit T. Abraham
Patients known to have primary sclerosing cholangitis who develop cholangiocarcinoma may present with worsening cholestasis and rapid deterioration in their Child–Pugh scores and performance status. Occasionally, asymptomatic patients with the disease may be identified during investigation for unexplained increases in cholestatic enzymes. The differential diagnosis for cholangiocarcinoma includes pancreatic, biliary, and other pathologies such as malignancy of pancreatic head, peri-ampullary area and duodenum, chronic pancreatitis, stones in the common bile duct, primary sclerosing cholangitis, recurrent pyogenic cholangitis, iatrogenic injuries to the bile duct, parasitic infestations, and porta hepatis lymph node metastases. Rarely, hepatitis can masquerade as obstructive jaundice. Hepatomegaly may be present in up to 75% of patients, and ascites may be seen in advanced tumors. Virchow’s node (metastasis to the left supraclavicular lymph node) should be looked for, as its confirmation with fine-needle aspiration or biopsy indicates advanced metastatic disease.
Surgical Anatomy of the Neck
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford, Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
Laura Warner, Christopher Jennings, John C. Watkinson
This zone extends from the level of the inferior border of the cricoid to the clavicle and contains the lymph nodes of the lower jugular chain, which drain the hypopharynx and larynx. The omohyoid muscle crosses the superior aspect of this level. Low in level IV, within Chaissaignac’s triangle in the root of the neck, lymph node metastasis may occur from an infraclavicular primary source, typically bronchus or breast. Furthermore, Virchow’s node, a supraclavicular lymph node metastasis from upper gastrointestinal malignancy, is located in level IV on the left side of the neck.
Answers
Published in Calver Pang, Ibraz Hussain, John Mayberry, Pre-Clinical Medicine, 2017
Calver Pang, Ibraz Hussain, John Mayberry
Another clinically important lymph node to be aware of is Virchow’s node. This is located in the left supraclavicular fossa and when enlarged, may indicate the presence of a gastric cancer that has spread through the lymph vessels. This is because this node receives lymphatic drainage from the abdominal cavity.
Neuroanniversary 2021
Published in Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 2021
Rudolf Ludwig Carl Virchow (1821–1902; see Figure 2) was a German physician, anthropologist, pathologist, prehistorian, biologist, writer, editor, and politician. Known as the father of modern pathology, he studied medicine at the Friedrich-Wilhelms Institute under Johannes Peter Müller (1801–1858) and worked at the Charité hospital under Robert Froriep (1804–1861), whom he succeeded as prosector. A prolific writer, his scientific writings alone exceeded 2000 publications. Cellular Pathology (1858), regarded as the root of modern pathology, introduced the third dictum in cell theory: Omnis cellula e cellula [All cells come from cells]. Virchow was the first to describe and name diseases such as leukemia, chordoma, ochronosis, embolism, and thrombosis. He coined biological terms such as chromatin, neuroglia, agenesis, parenchyma, osteoid, amyloid degeneration, and spina bifida; terms such as Virchow’s node, Virchow–Robin spaces, Virchow–Seckel syndrome, and Virchow’s triad are named after him.