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Facial anatomy
Published in Michael Parker, Charlie James, Fundamentals for Cosmetic Practice, 2022
Innervation of the frontalis muscle comes from temporal branches of the facial nerve, which arise from the facial nerve once it has exited the stylomastoid foramen. The temporal branches then track across the zygomatic arch and spread superiorly and laterally.
A Modified Pre-Auricular Approach to the Temporomandibular Joint and Malar Arch
Published in Niall MH McLeod, Peter A Brennan, 50 Landmark Papers every Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeon Should Know, 2020
Oliver Mitchell, Madan Ethunandan
The “perceived” complexity of the anatomy of the temporal scalp, especially the relationship of the layers of the temporal fascia to the periosteum overlying the zygomatic arch and to the position of the temporal branch of the facial nerve, has generated numerous surgical techniques to improve access and reduce morbidity. The described techniques could be scrutinised as those describing (a) improved access, (b) reduction in morbidity of the facial nerve, and (c) reduction in temporal hollowing.
General plastic
Published in Tor Wo Chiu, Stone’s Plastic Surgery Facts, 2018
The incision is made posterior to the pedicle at the level of the tragus; the pedicle is identified and traced superiorly. A skin paddle of up to 3 cm wide may be closed directly; transient alopecia has been observed. Note that the temporal branch of the facial nerve passes from a point 0.5 cm below the tragus to 1.5 cm superior to the lateral brow.
Parapharyngeal space tumor surgery using a modified cervical–parotid approach
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2018
Isaku Okamoto, Kiyoaki Tsukahara, Hiroki Sato
The modifications are described below. Following the procedure for the normal trans-cervical-parotid approach, the facial nerve is identified from the main trunk to the ascending and descending branches. This enables prediction of the layer in which the facial nerve lies. To separate a tumor in the vicinity of the skull base from the mid-pole to upper pole without overly much difficulty, we considered that an approach to the tumor from the anterior auricular space (supra-posterior to the temporal branch of the facial nerve) towards the cranial base would represent an improvement (Figure 6). From here, using swabbing forceps, the procedure for the upper pole is conducted (Figure 7) and the tumor is separated as the operation proceeds downwards (Figure 8). Next, using the same procedure applied for the cervical approach, the tumor is separated from the lower pole to the mid-pole.