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Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals from Fish and Their Activities
Published in Ramasamy Santhanam, Santhanam Ramesh, Subramanian Nivedhitha, Subbiah Balasundari, Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals from Fish and Fish Wastes, 2022
Ramasamy Santhanam, Santhanam Ramesh, Subramanian Nivedhitha, Subbiah Balasundari
Cognition enhancement: The swim bladder hydrolysates of this species demonstrated learning and memory enhancement in the experimental mice when the hydrolysate was administered for 28 days. This finding suggests that this species may serve as a prospective food to improve cognition in human (Lu et al., 2010).
Comparative Aspects of Pulmonary Surfactant
Published in Jacques R. Bourbon, Pulmonary Surfactant: Biochemical, Functional, Regulatory, and Clinical Concepts, 2019
The onset of air breathing in vertebrate evolution is believed to have taken place more than 350 million years ago in the Silurian and Devonian geological periods. The prevailing climatic conditions then led to a marked reduction in the oxygen concentration of large freshwater basins. To survive, the aquatic animals have followed various strategies for utilizing atmospheric oxygen. Gas-exchange areas have appeared in various corporal cavities and the skin. One of these structures, the air bladder (or swim bladder) of fish, was destined for a great evolutive fate, since it was at the origin of the lungs of tetrapodia. The air bladder was probably firstly used as an accessory respiratory organ; this function has been lost in most modern fish, but has been retained in some archaic forms which it probably prevented from extinction. In other phylla of vertebrates, this endodermal outgrowth from the gut evolved into more and more finely subdivided and vascularized pulmonary structures.
Parasites and Conservation Biology
Published in Eric S. Loker, Bruce V. Hofkin, Parasitology, 2015
Eric S. Loker, Bruce V. Hofkin
Spillovers are one of the more direct manifestations of introductions and have frequently been implicated in the decline of native host species. For example, European eel (Anguilla anguilla) populations have been adversely affected by the introduction into Europe in the early 1980s of East Asian eels (Anguilla japonica) carrying the nematode Anguillicola crassus. The adult nematode colonizes the eel swimbladder and achieves much higher prevalence and intensity of infections in European eels than it typically does in Asian eels. Infected fish may stop feeding, suffer swimbladder collapse, lose buoyancy, be unable to complete migrations necessary for spawning, and die. Interestingly, although the parasite A. crassus survived the introduction into Europe, its native eel host A. japonica did not.
Transcriptome alterations and genotoxic influences in zebrafish larvae after exposure to dissolved aluminum and aluminum oxide nanoparticles
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2020
The morphological changes were body axis curvatures and uninflated swim bladder in all of Al2O3-NPs exposed larvae. The uninflated swim bladder was the most common malformation revealed by larvae exposed to Al2O3-NPs in all concentrations tested. The swim bladder formation starts on 72 hpf and is necessary for buoyancy and locomotor activities in zebrafish larvae (Robertson et al. 2007). Therefore, disorders in the swim bladder inflation affect both buoyancy and swimming behavior of larvae, negatively, with consequences to predators escape and food capture (Li et al. 2011). Several reports have also indicated the generation of an uninflated swim bladder in zebrafish following exposure to NPs or xenobiotics and suggested this result as a toxic effect endpoint (Heiden et al. 2009; Lam et al. 2011; Li et al. 2011; Zhang et al. 2016).
Preparation and characterization of a novel acellular swim bladder as dura mater substitute
Published in Neurological Research, 2019
Qing Li, Fenghua Zhang, Hongmei Wang, Tao Pan
The ideal dural substitute should be excellent in terms of immunogenicity and biological toxicity, and do not cause inflammation. The material could be reabsorbed and replaced with connective tissue, without causing tissue adhesion or fibrosis. Meanwhile, the source of the material should be rich and the mechanical strength should match the clinical requirement [9,10]. In recent years, fish-sourced materials were widely concerned by scholars. Compared with mammal-sourced biological materials, fish-sourced material had the unique advantages. The pathogens in fish, including prion, were different from mammalian pathogens, which were hardly infective to human [11]. The fish do not contain many immunogens such as alpha-gal, which made the low immunogenicity of fish-sourced materials [12]. Therefore, the products obtained from fish were safer than other mammal-sourced biological materials. The swim bladders (SBs) of fish are composed of collagen fibers, elastic fibers and connective tissues, similarly to the bovine pericardium [13]. The SBs had the potential to be prepared as dural substitute via decellularization process.
Developmental toxicity of deltamethrin and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid in embryo–larval stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2018
Reshma Shabnam Kuder, Harold Philip Gundala
Zebrafish embryos developed normally, and no abnormal embryos were observed in control/solvent control groups during the experimental period. Prominent morphological abnormalities noticed in the DM and PBA treatment groups are listed in Tables 1 and 2, which shows a clear concentration-response relationship. Edema (pericardial and yolk sac), tail deformity (detachment and undeveloped) and axial malformations (bending of notochord and dorsal curvature) were observed from the lowest concentrations of DM tested, i.e. 100 μg/L and continued in 200 µg/L group. These deformities were noticed in all surviving larvae at both the concentrations. At these concentrations, there was no response to touch and at the same time, blood flow was slow. Defects of swim bladder accompanied by abnormal swimming were also seen in these treated groups. Significant decrease in body and eye pigmentation compared to the control was evident only in larvae of 48hpf stage exposed to 200 μg/L.