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General Radiation Cytopathology
Published in George W. Casarett, Radiation Histopathology, 2019
Drawing upon the great mass of pertinent pathologic observations of many decades and upon deliberate studies of visible criteria of cell degeneration and necrosis, the following changes are among the earliest visible criteria of degenerative processes in cells that are indicative of commitment to disintegration, lysis, and disappearance of the cells: Pyknosis, in which the nucleus is contracted and spheroidal, and the chromatin condensed and apparently liquefied in one or masses and stains hyperchromati-cally.Karyorrhexis, in which the nuclear membrane is ruptured and nuclear material is abnormally fragmented and scattered at least partly in the cytoplasm of the cell.Karyolysis, in which the nucleus and its chromatin have lost their stainability (chromatolysis) substantially and disappear as if dissolved. This change may follow pyknosis.Protoplasmic coagulation, in which the staining reactions indicate marked irreversible gelation in the cytoplasm or the nucleus or both.Cytolysis, in which there is liquefaction, swelling, and bursting of the cells and gradual disappearance. This may follow pyknosis, karyorrhexis, karyolysis, or coagulation.At some time before or after pyknosis, karyorrhexis, or karyolysis, but before the disintegration or lysis of cells, cells may show an increased permeability of the cell membrane to certain stains upon supravital staining, e.g., with eosin. To some extent, but not perfectly, substantial degrees of this change indicate commitment to cell necrosis.
Some data on the comparative and combined toxic activity of nanoparticles containing lead and cadmium with special attention to their vasotoxicity
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2021
Marina P. Sutunkova, Ilzira A. Minigalieva, Svetlana V. Klinova, Vladimir G. Panov, Vladimir B. Gurvich, Larisa I. Privalova, Renata R. Sakhautdinova, Vladimir Ya. Shur, Ekaterina V. Shishkina, Tatiana N. Shtin, Julia V. Riabova, Boris A. Katsnelson
Then the rats were killed by cervical dislocation. The liver, spleen, kidneys, testicles, heart and brain were weighed. The biochemical indices determined in the blood included total serum protein, albumin, globulin, alanine- and aspartate-transaminases (ALT, AST), creatinine, creatinine kinase, creatinine kinase MB, triglycerides, cholesterol, high and low density lipoproteins (HDLP and LDLP), bilirubin, catalase, reduced glutathione, ceruloplasmin, malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase, glucose, SH-groups, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP), C-reactive protein, troponin, myoglobin, natriuretic peptides (NUPs), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endothelin-1, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), T3 hormone, and calcium level. A Mythic18 auto-hematology analyzer (C2 Diagnostic, Montperllier, France) was used to determine hemoglobin content, hematocrit, thrombocrit, and RBC, WBC and thrombocyte counts. Reticulocyte percentage was counted on smears under optical microscopy after supravital staining with brilliant cresyl blue. Cytochemical determination of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity in blood lymphocytes was based on the reduction of nitrotetrazolium violet to formazan, the number of granules of which in a cell was counted under immersion microscopy.
An overview of experiments with lead-containing nanoparticles performed by the Ekaterinburg nanotoxicological research team
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2020
Ilzira A. Minigaliyeva, Marina P. Sutunkova, Vladimir B. Gurvich, Tatiana V. Bushueva, Svetlana V. Klinova, Svetlana N. Solovyeva, Ivan N. Chernyshov, Irene E. Valamina, Vladimir Y. Shur, Ekaterina V. Shishkina, Oleg H. Makeyev, Vladimir G. Panov, Larisa I. Privalova, Boris A. Katsnelson
Hemoglobin content, hematocrit, thrombocrit, mean erythrocyte volume and RBC, WBC, and thrombocyte counts were determined using a MYTHIC-18 auto-hematology analyzer (C2 Diagnostics, Montpellier, France). Reticulocyte percentage was counted on smears under optical microscopy after supravital staining with brilliant cresyl blue. The number of micronuclei in the polychromatophilic erythrocytes of the bone marrow was counted in smears under optical microscopy after fixing in methanol and staining after Pappenheim.
Evaluation of FUS-2000 urine analyzer: analytical properties and particle recognition
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 2018
Miroslava Beňovská, Ondřej Wiewiorka, Jana Pinkavová
In case of discrepancy between FUS-2000 and light microscopy results of two categories or more, the second laboratory technician performed standardized staining (e.g. supravital staining by Sternheimer [20]) for better recognition of elements. Stained sediment count results were not used for statistics but as a confirmation of found elements. The two laboratory technicians switched each day to avoid systematic bias.