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The upper third of the face
Published in Jani van Loghem, Calcium Hydroxylapatite Soft Tissue Fillers, 2020
Place multiple retrograde linear threads over the periosteum of maximum 0.05 mL per retrograde (Figure 6.4). Do not force the cannula through resistance, as the area around the supraorbital foramen contains the neurovascular bundle.
Anatomy of the Forehead and Periocular Region
Published in Neil S. Sadick, Illustrated Manual of Injectable Fillers, 2020
Marcelo B. Antunes, Stephen A. Goldstein
The ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve provides the sensory innervation to the upper third of the face. This nerve has two terminal branches, the supraorbital and the supratrochlear nerves. The supraorbital nerve passes through the supraorbital foramen, innervating the upper eyelid and then ascends on the forehead to innervate the lateral and superior parts of the forehead and the scalp. The supratrochlear nerve passes between the superior oblique muscle in the orbit and the supraorbital foramen and curves superiorly to innervate the skin of the inferior and central portion of the forehead (Figure 4.3).
Nasal and Septal Injuries
Published in Jeffrey R. Marcus, Detlev Erdmann, Eduardo D. Rodriguez, Essentials of CRANIOMAXILLOFACIAL TRAUMA, 2014
Halton Wolfgang Beumer, Liana Puscas
Supraorbital nerve blocks should also be performed. The supraorbital foramen is located approximately 2 to 3 cm lateral to the midline along the superior orbital rim. The notch just lateral to the foramen can usually be palpated. The skin overlying this is cleaned with povidone-iodine (Betadine) or alcohol solution, and a 27-gauge needle is used to inject 1 to 3 ml of 1% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine just superior to the notch. Again, aspiration is done before injection, and care is taken to avoid injecting into the foramen or the orbit.
Transcranial direct current stimulation treated by multilead brain reflex instrument accelerates neural functional recovery in a rat model of stroke
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2021
Jun-Xiu Duan, Mei-Ge Zheng, Shu-Hua Mu, Da-Sheng Tian, Xin-Zhong Xu, Zhen-Dan He, Jian Zhang
tDCS has been considered as an adjunctive therapy to accelerate the recovery of neurological function after stroke. tDCS modulates spontaneous neuronal network activity by shifting of resting membrane potential [1], this activity is dependent on the position of electrode [13,14]. Many studies have focused on the effects of tDCS on motor cortex, which plays an important role in recovery of neurological function, such as limb motor and memory improvement [15,16]. However, its mechanism remains unclear. In this study, our stimulated areas are bilateral supraorbital foramen and inferior orbital rim and nose intersection. By stimulating the branching plexus of the trigeminal, maxillary, mandibular, and ocular nerves, the nerve excitation is transmitted to the central nervous system, further modulating motor cortex, and transmitting the nerve excitation to the injury site to achieve therapeutic effects. Indeed, we had observed the regular tremor in rat facial muscle groups and limb muscle groups during stimulation. Our results showed that mNSS scores changed in the range of 2.0 from day 5 to 15 after modeling. After treatment, mNSS scores were 6–9 points and the scope was still in a moderate injury, however, treatment group achieved significantly better improvement than control group. Concurrently TTC staining revealed that ischemia area dramatically decreased in treatment group compared with control group.
Neurotrophic Keratopathy in Pediatric Patients
Published in Seminars in Ophthalmology, 2021
Corneal neurotization surgery was first described in six patients by Terzis et al. in 2008. In this procedure, the supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves contralateral to the neurotrophic ulcer were identified and dissected to the supraorbital foramen through a bicoronal incision then tunneled across the bridge of the nose to a small upper lid crease incision. The nerves were then retrieved from the posterior side of the upper lid in the superior fornix and tunneled under Tenon’s capsule to the corneal limbus. The distal nerve ends were then secured in the desired limbal position with 10-0 nylon suture. All six patients demonstrated full healing of their corneal ulcer as well as improvement in corneal sensitivity measured by the Cochet–Bonnet esthesiometer. Furthermore, contralateral sensation to the area of the harvested forehead nerves was restored over a median period of 3 months.43
Electroneurography value as an indicator of high risk for the development of moderate-to-severe synkinesis after Bell’s palsy and Ramsay Hunt syndrome
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2019
Haruki Nakano, Shin-Ichi Haginomori, Shin-Ichi Wada, Yusuke Ayani, Ryo Kawata, Ryuichi Saura
The electrophysiological outcome was evaluated according to the aberrant regeneration ratio of the blink reflex. The blink reflex and synergic potential were measured according to Kimura’s method [13]. On the affected side, electrical stimulation of the supraorbital nerve (a branch of the trigeminal nerve) was delivered at the supraorbital foramen percutaneously. The recording electrodes were placed on the lower eyelid and lateral to the eye. The evoked potentials, composed of the early ipsilateral R1 and late bilateral R2, R2’ component in the orbicularis oculi, were recorded. Simultaneously, the synergic potential was recorded from the orbicularis oris through the electrodes on the nasolabial fold and lateral to the lip corner. The synergic potential is also composed of the early S1 and late S2 components, which are compatible with the R1 and R2 components in the orbicularis oculi.