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Head and Neck
Published in Bobby Krishnachetty, Abdul Syed, Harriet Scott, Applied Anatomy for the FRCA, 2020
Bobby Krishnachetty, Abdul Syed, Harriet Scott
There are a total of nine foramina or fissures within the orbit. The most important are shown in Figure 1.6. Optic foramen Optic nerve, ophthalmic arterySuperior orbital fissure (see also Scalp and Base of Skull) Oculomotor, trochlear, abducens nerves, ophthalmic division (V1) of trigeminal nerveSuperior and inferior ophthalmic veinsInferior orbital fissure Infra-orbital nerve (branch from maxillary division (V2) of trigeminal nerve) and vessels
Central nervous system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
The superior orbital fissure is situated posteriorly in the sphenoid bone between the lateral wall and roof of the orbit. It transmits the oculomotor, trochlear, abducent and ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve and the ophthalmic veins.
Orbit
Published in Mostafa Khalil, Omar Kouli, The Duke Elder Exam of Ophthalmology, 2019
Mostafa Khalil, Omar Kouli, Rizwan Malik
Superior orbital fissure (SOF): Located between the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid. It is divided into two parts: Superior part: Contains the superior ophthalmic vein, the lacrimal nerve (CNV1), the frontal nerve (CNV1) and the CNIV. - Note: The frontal nerve branches into the supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves. The supraorbital nerve leaves the orbit via the supraorbital notch.Inferior part: Contains CNIII, the nasociliary nerve (CNV1) and CNVI.
Preoperative embolization of suprasellar hemangioblastoma supplied by artery of foramen rotundum: a case report and review of the literature
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2023
Sungjun Moon, Hui Joong Lee, Subum Lee
Preoperative embolization may provide a useful option for reducing tumor hypervascularity but the procedure is not straightforward when the calibers of feeding arteries are small as was the case here on the right.3 On the left, angiography showed the AFR main feeder with a distinctive corkscrew shape. The AFR branches from the distal IMA, passes through the foramen rotundum, and connects to anterolateral branches of the inferolateral trunk, itself a branch of the internal carotid. So the AFR forms a potential anastomosis between the ECA and ICA.4 In addition, the presence of the artery of superior orbital fissure is also important. This artery arises at the distal IMA, either singly or from a common trunk with AFR, and then runs upward to reach the superior orbital fissure and anastomose with the anteromedial branch of the inferolateral trunk or the ophthalmic artery.5 Reflux of embolic material, therefore, carries risks of blindness or parenchymal embolic infarction, and we recommend preoperative AFR embolization is performed with proper mixtures of Histoacryl and Lipiodol under continuous fluoroscopy to avoid complications.
Twelve tips for teaching neuroanatomy, from the medical students’ perspective
Published in Medical Teacher, 2023
Sanskrithi Sravanam, Chloë Jacklin, Eoghan McNelis, Kwan Wai Fung, Lucy Xu
Typically, in the clinical setting, a list of differential diagnoses is proposed based on the patient’s presentation. When teaching neuroanatomy, however, it is a worthwhile task for students to try working in reverse – this time beginning with the lesion and then postulating the possible symptoms. Consider, for instance, a patient presenting with new-onset ophthalmoplegia and facial sensory loss. A potential aetiology is cavernous sinus syndrome. However, the absence of maxillary paraesthesia would make this diagnosis much less likely because the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve also passes through the cavernous sinus. The less obvious but correct diagnosis is superior orbital fissure syndrome. Therefore, encouraging students to work in reverse when diagnosing equips them with a tool to test their hypotheses.
Primary orbital melanoma: A report of a case and comprehensive review of the literature
Published in Orbit, 2021
Modupe O. Adetunji, Brendan McGeehan, Vivian Lee, Maureen G. Maguire, César A. Briceño
A 38-year-old white man was referred for evaluation of 2 months of slowly progressive proptosis of the left eye. He also complained of a pressure sensation behind his left eye and diplopia when looking upwards, downwards and to the right, associated with dizziness. He had a history of psoriasis, treated with UV radiation and acitretin 7 months ago, with no prior history of malignancy. An MRI scan revealed a homogenously enhancing soft tissue lesion replacing the left superior rectus muscle (Figure 1). The lesion extended through the left superior orbital fissure and abutted the optic canal without definite extension. The mass compressed and displaced the optic nerve but there was no evidence of intracranial extension. Visual acuity was 20/15 in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye and no afferent pupillary defect was detected. There was an associated restriction of upgaze and downgaze. Exophthalmometry measured 18 mm on the right and 23 mm on the left. There was no evidence of oculodermal melanosis, conjunctival melanoma, or uveal melanoma.