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Facial anatomy
Published in Michael Parker, Charlie James, Fundamentals for Cosmetic Practice, 2022
The neck contains some 300 lymph nodes, the two most important groups to know are the submental and submandibular nodes, to which a large proportion of lymphatics in the head drain: Submental lymph nodes: These are found under the chin between the two anterior bellies of the digastric muscles. Afferent drainage is from the lower lip, floor of the mouth and the tip of the tongue; afferent drainage is split between the submandibular lymph nodes and the deep cervical lymph nodes.Submandibular lymph nodes: These nodes are located beneath the mandible within the submandibular triangle. Their afferent drainage comes the cheeks, lateral nose, lips, gums and part of the tongue; it includes efferent drainage from the submental and many of the facial lymph nodes. Their efferent drainage is to the deep cervical lymph nodes.
Anatomy and differential diagnosis in head and neck surgery
Published in Neeraj Sethi, R. James A. England, Neil de Zoysa, Head, Neck and Thyroid Surgery, 2020
Using these landmarks, the neck can be divided into triangles as shown in Figure 1.1. The submandibular triangle has its superior border at the lower border of the mandible. It is then made up by the digastric muscle, which has two bellies running from the lesser cornu of the hyoid, one to the mastoid tip and one towards the digastric fossa of the mandible, just lateral to the symphysis (midpoint of the mandible).
Head and Neck
Published in Rui Diogo, Drew M. Noden, Christopher M. Smith, Julia Molnar, Julia C. Boughner, Claudia Barrocas, Joana Bruno, Understanding Human Anatomy and Pathology, 2018
Rui Diogo, Drew M. Noden, Christopher M. Smith, Julia Molnar, Julia C. Boughner, Claudia Barrocas, Joana Bruno
The contents of the submandibular triangle of the neck are the submandibular gland, facial artery, facial vein, stylohyoid muscle, hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), and lymph nodes. The boundaries of this triangle are: superior, the inferior border of the mandible; anteroinferior, the anterior digastric muscle; posteroinferior, the posterior digastric muscle; superficial (roof), the investing layer of deep cervical fascia; and deep, the mylohyoid muscle and hyoglossus muscle.
Sonographic findings of immunoglobulin G4-related sialadenitis and differences from Sjögren’s syndrome
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, 2022
Y Liu, Z Wang, L Ren, Q Zeng, Z Wang, W Bian, Y Zhang, J Fu, D Chen, G Yu, S Zhang, Z Li
All patients were examined by grey-scale and colour Doppler ultrasonography by the same examiner during their clinical visit. Ultrasonography was performed using a 9–12 MHz transducer (Aplio 500; Toshiba, Otawara, Japan) (8). The Doppler mode was applied to the parotid and submandibular glands using a PLT-805AT probe with a colour Doppler frequency of 5.3 MHz, Doppler gain of 40, and a pulse repetition frequency of 10.4 kHz (9). The bilateral parotid and submandibular glands were scanned and static images were documented. The parotid glands were assessed in both the longitudinal and the transverse planes. While using the mandibular ramus and temporomandibular joint condyle as landmarks in the transverse plane perpendicular to the mandibular bone, the probe was positioned parallel to the mandibular ramus in the longitudinal plane. The submandibular glands were assessed in the longitudinal and transverse planes at the posterior part of the submandibular triangle, the margins of which are formed by the anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric muscle and the body of the mandible (10).
The impact of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of drooling in children with cerebral palsy secondary to Congenital Zika Syndrome: an observational study
Published in Neurological Research, 2021
Henrique F Sales, Caroline Cerqueira, Daniel Vaz, Débora Medeiros-Rios, Giulia Armani-Franceschi, Pedro H Lucena, Carla Sternberg, Ana C Nóbrega, Cleber Luz, Danilo Fonseca, Alessandra L Carvalho, Larissa Monteiro, Isadora C Siqueira, Igor D Bandeira, Rita Lucena
Botulinum toxin type-A – 500 U vials of AbobotulinumtoxinA (Dysport®) – was administered as part of the participants’ medical treatment by a neuropediatrician, according to the anatomical references described in the literature. All the subjects received topical anaesthetic (EMLA®) 30 minutes prior to administration. Intraglandular injections with a 25 mm needle were made at two administration points in the parotid gland and one in the submandibular, bilaterally at a dose of 25 U per gland, according to the references described in the literature [7,8]. The needle was inserted at a depth of 1 cm into the preauricular region of the parotid gland, behind the angle of the ascending mandibular branch, and then into the inferoposterior region of the gland, located just before the mastoid process. The submandibular administration occurred through percutaneous injection into the submandibular triangle. For participants who received BTX-A in other muscles in order to reduce spasticity, the total administered dose was duly recorded. The applications were performed only once on each child.
Preliminary application and evaluation of autograft reconstruction of parotid duct defect with submandibular gland duct for buccal cancer
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2020
Ruohuang Lu, Zhiqiang Xiao, Xincheng Guo, Pingping Gan
Group B (submandibular gland duct transplantation group): In the radical surgical treatment of buccal cancer, the submandibular gland duct is separated into the sublingual gland in the cervical lymphatic submandibular triangle. Where the end of the duct separates into the submandibular gland, we separate 3 to 4 cm of the duct for reconstruction. The duct is placed in physiological saline, and after the buccal tumor is removed, the reconstructed flap is sutured to the lower edge of the buccal defect, the length of the parotid duct defect is measured, and the epidural catheter is inserted into the submandibular duct according to the defect length. At the end, the submandibular gland duct and the parotid duct are sutured with an 8-0 suture line for 4 to 6 times. Finally, the submandibular gland duct is fixed obliquely to the lower part of the oral cavity as previously mentioned, and the epidural catheter is fixed to the oral mucosa.