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The Gallbladder (GB)
Published in Narda G. Robinson, Interactive Medical Acupuncture Anatomy, 2016
Splenius capitis muscle: Extends the head and neck when both activate; working individually, the splenius rotates the head and neck toward the ipsilateral side. The splenius capitis attaches to the mastoid process at its cranial extent near GB 12. Clinical Relevance: Myofascial dysfunction in the SCM causes pain to refer to the head and sometimes specifically the face, causing atypical facial neuralgia, tension headache, and cervicocephalalgia.
Neck associated factors related to migraine in adolescents with painful temporomandibular disorders
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2021
All participants were diagnosed based on the RDC/TMD Axis I criteria, and adolescents who were diagnosed as group I MFP and/or group IIIa arthralgia were included. The following outcome parameters were assessed by one TMD and orofacial pain specialist (JHK) who was expert on TMD diagnosis based on RDC/TMD: the range of comfortable mouth opening (CMO) without pain, maximum mouth opening (MMO), and the duration of painful TMD symptoms. A visual analogue scale (VAS) at the time of evaluation was applied to assess the degree of painful TMD. Myofascial TrPs were explored in the temporalis, masseter, trapezius, SCM, sub-occipitalis, and splenius capitis muscles in both right and left sides. A single observer (JHK) repeated evaluation of TrPs in masticatory and cervical muscles after 2 weeks (intra-examiner) in randomly selected 20 adolescents and data were compared using an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The resulting ICC was 0.653, suggesting moderate agreement [35]. TrPs in masticatory and cervical muscles in all participants were assessed according to the criteria suggested by Simon et al. [36]: detection of a palpable taut band which showed a hypersensitive spot, local twitch response, and reproduction of the referred pain. TrPs were regarded active if referred pain was reproduced and was perceived by patients as familiar pain. TrPs were considered latent if the referred pain was not reproduced from the palpation. The examiner tried to palpate target muscle by 2 lb digital pressure of which pressure was suggested in RDC/TMD criteria [33].