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The Gallbladder (GB)
Published in Narda G. Robinson, Interactive Medical Acupuncture Anatomy, 2016
Splenius capitis muscle: Extends the head and neck when both activate; working individually, the splenius rotates the head and neck toward the ipsilateral side. The splenius capitis attaches to the mastoid process at its cranial extent near GB 12. Clinical Relevance: Myofascial dysfunction in the SCM causes pain to refer to the head and sometimes specifically the face, causing atypical facial neuralgia, tension headache, and cervicocephalalgia.
Dry needling as a novel intervention for cervicogenic somatosensory tinnitus: a case study
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Aaron Womack, Raymond Butts, James Dunning
The physical examination (PE) was conducted by a physical therapist with 20 years of experience, certified in spinal manipulation and dry needling. Additionally, the therapist was a fellow-in-training in an accredited manual physical therapy fellowship program. The patient demonstrated full cervical AROM, and cervical myotome, dermatome, and cranial nerve screening were negative. While palpation of the cervical paraspinals, upper trapezius, splenius capitis, semispinalis capitis, obliquus capitis superior, obliquus capitis inferior, rectus capitis posterior major and rectus capitis posterior minor muscles seemed to provoke the patient’s headache and tinnitus, the sternocleidomastoid, masseter, temporalis, and frontalis muscles did not. Additionally, she did not present with temporomandibular joint pain or increased tinnitus with active jaw movement. The patient reported occasional, diffuse pain in the posterior occipital region, but she was not tender to palpation in that region during the PE. Although the patient presented with lower cervical and upper thoracic pain, palpation and passive joint mobility testing of the lower cervical and upper thoracic region had no effect on her headache or tinnitus symptoms.
Neck associated factors related to migraine in adolescents with painful temporomandibular disorders
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2021
Even though there has been controversy about the relationships among the cervical spine disorder, craniocervical posture, and TMD [11,12], many studies have focussed on the influence of the cervical pain and altered head and neck posture on the TMD and migraine [10,13–24]. The cranium, mandible, and cervical spine form a functional unit and their mutual functional and neurological dependence may underly the coexisting condition of cervical dysfunction, migraine, and TMD. Elevated myofascial pain (MFP) sensitivity in the cervical muscles including the trapezius, sternocleiodomastoid (SCM), sub-occipitalis, and splenius capitis muscles in patients with TMD with or without migraine has been investigated [13–18,22]. Head and neck posture has been regarded as an indicator of the equilibrium between the craniofacial structure and upper cervical spine. Previous studies have attempted to clarify the associations among MFP sensitisation process in the masticatory and cervical muscles, headache, and altered craniocervical posture [15,16,19,21,23–28]. A forward head posture seems to influence MFP sensitisation process in the cervical muscles which finally could lead to the development of headache and the referred pain in the masticatory muscles [15,18,22–25]. Many studies have attempted to reveal the associations between cervical dysfunction and migraine or TMD each [14,20,24,26,28], but the interactions among cervical dysfunction, altered head and neck posture, and migraine in TMD patients have not been elucidated.