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Significant Advancements in Cancer Diagnosis Using Machine Learning
Published in Meenu Gupta, Rachna Jain, Arun Solanki, Fadi Al-Turjman, Cancer Prediction for Industrial IoT 4.0: A Machine Learning Perspective, 2021
Gurmanik Kaur, Ajat Shatru Arora
Skin cancer, abnormal development of unusual skin cells, is among the most common illnesses in the world. It is categorized into two categories: i) melanoma, and ii) non-melanoma. The more dangerous of the two categories of skin cancer is melanoma. It starts on the skin and appears as a dark patch [12,13]. Early recognition and treatment of melanoma may result in a 5-year survival rate of up to 95% [14].
Amazing ambitions
Published in Brendan Curran, A Terrible Beauty is Born, 2020
Were such a baby to be born, it might well be at risk of developing all manner of diseases. Remember that cells accumulate mutations during an individual’s lifetime (Chapter 4); if a skin cell (which might be quite old) were used to generate a new baby, it would carry on where the old cell stopped. That baby might age prematurely or be prone to cancer. It might be argued that by ironing out these problems in animals, the way is made clear for using the techniques in humans. However, given the many differences in the reproductive physiology and embryology between different mammal species, it would be neither possible nor proper to use humans without a lot of human experimentation both in the laboratory and using live people. The standard medical view that new treatments of this nature should be sanctioned only when the potential benefits outweigh the risks to both baby and surrogage mother is a powerful and so far successful argument in delaying the legal acceptance of such techniques.
Microneedles for Drug Delivery
Published in Tapash K. Ghosh, Dermal Drug Delivery, 2020
Lisa A. Dick, Daniel M. Dohmeier, Ann M. Purrington, Scott A. Burton
Human skin is comprised of three layers: the epidermis (up to approximately 150 microns thick), dermis (~1,500–4,000 microns thick) and subcutaneous layers (U.S. National Institutes of Health, N. C., 2019a). The outer layer of the epidermis, the stratum corneum, consists of several layers of dead skin cells which serve as a protective barrier between the body and the outside world while retaining water. The epidermis contains lipids for chemical barriers, Langerhans cells for an immunological barrier and cells that absorb UV light for an oxidative barrier. The dermal layer contains a dense network of blood capillaries for thermoregulation, wound repair and cell nutrition; and a network of lymphatic vessels which transport interstitial fluid and feed local lymph nodes. The dermal layer also contains a high concentration of potent immune cells that play a key role to initiate the immune response following vaccinations. The subcutaneous layer is comprised of adipose and connective tissues along with blood vessels and nerves and is an insulating layer.
Nanoencapsulated cordyceps extract enhances collagen synthesis and skin cell regeneration through antioxidation and autophagy
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2023
Nawapol Upatcha, Palakorn Kaokaen, Natchadaporn Sorraksa, Ruchee Phonchai, Phongsakorn Kunhorm, Nipha Chaicharoenaudomrung, Parinya Noisa
Collagen peptides have been found in multiple forms of collagen and proven to affect processes including cell proliferation, migration, and death. The production of collagen precursors inhibits the development of new blood vessels and fibroblast cells. CM nanoparticles (CMP) can stimulate collagen synthesis in fibroblast cells under normal and oxidative stress conditions. Dermis is the location of the cells. It is necessary for the renewal of skin cells. This process is slowed if the epidermis is harmed by ROS. By boosting collagen synthesis, CMP stimulates cellular regeneration. In all aspects, the data demonstrated that CMP was superior to CM. CMP increased collagen synthesis genes and wound healing activity at 10 times lower doses than C and CM. Hence, the CM nanoparticles enclosed in lipid bilayers are a potent anti-inflammatory agent. Via antioxidants and in vitro autophagy, it can boost the efficiency of skin cell regeneration. In this study, we were able to create cassava starch nanoparticles loaded with cordycepin extract, which were generated from the encapsulation of cordyceps culture. These CMP nanoparticles are exceptionally efficient at promoting skin cell proliferation, cellular absorption, protein secretion, collagen synthesis, antioxidants, and autophagy activation. The entire bioactivity of CMP attracts molecules for usage in the cosmeceutical industry.
Histone deacetylase inhibitors as a potential new treatment for psoriatic disease and other inflammatory conditions
Published in Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, 2023
Jehan Mohammad Nazri, Katerina Oikonomopoulou, Elvin D. de Araujo, Dziyana Kraskouskaya, Patrick T. Gunning, Vinod Chandran
Briefly, the human skin is composed of three layers: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutis. The epidermis is the topmost epithelial layer of the skin that is mainly composed of cells such as keratinocytes (skin cells that are also involved in psoriasis), melanocytes (cells responsible for producing a pigment called melanin), and Langerhans cells (immune cells for recognizing antigens). The dermis layer, also known as the supportive layer of the skin, consists of fibers such as collagen and elastin as well as cells like fibroblasts, neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and monocytes. The subcutis, also called subcutaneous layer, is the fatty layer below the epidermis and dermis. Usually, in healthy, normal human skin, the presence of an invading foreign pathogen and/or allergen detected by cells in the epidermis and dermis will initiate a pro-inflammatory immune response via the activation of signaling pathways like the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB), Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways [36]. Additionally, depending on what is required next for clearance of the foreign invasion, specific adaptive immune responses may also follow before resolution of the inflammation. However, when psoriasis is triggered, aberrant activation of the innate and adaptive immune responses follows and support the initiation as well as subsequent maintenance of psoriatic inflammation [37,38] (Figure 1).
Effect of oral administration of Triphala, a polyphenol-rich prebiotic, on scalp sebum in patients with scalp seborrhea a randomized clinical trial
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Elham Zareie, Parvin Mansouri, Hamed Hosseini, Omid Sadeghpour, Laila Shirbeigi, Someyeh Hejazi, Majid Emtiazy
Meanwhile, this clinical study supports recent studies demonstrating that the beneficial effects of Triphala exerts beyond the gut. Most of the health properties of Triphala have been attributed to its polyphenolic compounds such as gallic acid, ellagic acid, and chebulinic acid (28). Triphala has been used traditionally as a skin protecting agent for improving some skin conditions like skin aging and seborrhea (10,28). Recent studies have been evaluated its protective benefits on skin cells in vitro. It has been highlighted that Triphala could restore the skin barrier function (28). Topical formulations containing gallic acid and quercetin could reduce the skin sebum content (33,34) probably by the inhibition of 5α-recuctase 1 activity (33). They also could improve the skin barrier function (33).