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Neurosurgical Techniques and Strategies
Published in David A. Walker, Giorgio Perilongo, Roger E. Taylor, Ian F. Pollack, Brain and Spinal Tumors of Childhood, 2020
Jonathan E. Martin, Ian F. Pollack, Robert F. Keating
Endoscopic fenestration of the septum pellucidum is another endoscopic technique utilized in the patient with centrally located tumors of the third ventricle or thalamus (Figure 6.4). Septostomy involves the blunt fenestration of the septum pellucidum above the septal vein.24 The procedure, either alone or in combination with shunt placement, facilitates management of hydrocephalus (one catheter vs. two or more) by eliminating compartmentalization of the lateral ventricles due to obstruction of the foramen of Monro.
Agenesis of Corpus Callosum
Published in Amar Bhide, Asma Khalil, Aris T Papageorghiou, Susana Pereira, Shanthi Sairam, Basky Thilaganathan, Problem-Based Obstetric Ultrasound, 2019
Amar Bhide, Asma Khalil, Aris T Papageorghiou, Susana Pereira, Shanthi Sairam, Basky Thilaganathan
Visualization of the corpus callosum is not part of routine second-trimester screening. ACC can however be suspected by indirect signs such as absent cavum septum pellucidum, ventriculomegaly, and midline lesions including lipomas and cysts. These indirect signs are inconsistent and not always encountered in fetuses with partial ACC.
Endocrinology
Published in Stephan Strobel, Lewis Spitz, Stephen D. Marks, Great Ormond Street Handbook of Paediatrics, 2019
Mehul Dattani, Catherine Peters
GHI may be associated with other pituitary hormone deficiencies as part of an evolving endocrinopathy. There may be evidence of associated disorders (e.g. midline cleft palate, optic nerve hypoplasia, agenesis of the corpus callosum, absence of the septum pellucidum and Fanconi’s anaemia).
Neuroimaging in professional combat sports: consensus statement from the association of ringside physicians
Published in The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2023
If the recommended imaging shows evidence that suggests a brain abnormality, evidence of prior/chronic TBI or change from baseline, the decision to medically clear a combat sports athlete to compete should be made on a case-by-case basis. Ringside physicians/commissions may request additional neuroimaging (as detailed above) and a formal neurocognitive evaluation of the combat sports athlete. Specific neuroimaging consideration needs to be given to the development or progression of cavum septum pellucidum and cavum vergae. The ongoing Professional Fighters Brain Health Study has demonstrated an association between these two findings and decreased cognitive performance [35]. Risk stratification is the process of identifying the individual risk of a combat sports athlete suffering from a particular condition after careful review of history, laboratory, and clinical tests. Some combat sports athletes may warrant disqualification and denial of license to compete, and others may be medically cleared to compete after careful review of all relevant history, neurocognitive examination, and imaging findings.
Phantosmia and dysgeusia as the first presentation of glioblastoma
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2022
Atef Kokash, John Emil Carlson
In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of her brain, an expansile T2 prolongation slice hyperintense FLAIR signal was seen in the anteromedial right temporal lobe, also involving the right frontal operculum and gangliocapsular structures (Figure 1). This area of signal abnormality measured at least 5.6 × 4.9 × 5.7 cm with no associated enhancement or hemorrhage. There was mild effacement of the right lateral ventricle and bowing of the septum pellucidum without overt midline shift. Scattered foci of T2 prolongation were seen in the periventricular and subcortical white matter, nonspecific but likely microangiopathic. No parenchymal enhancement, restricted diffusion, parenchymal susceptibility, or extra-axial fluid collection was seen. The imaging findings were representative of the features of a primary intracranial malignancy. Computed tomography of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis did not reveal evidence of metastatic disease.
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in sports: a historical and narrative review
Published in Developmental Neuropsychology, 2018
Corsellis and colleagues (Corsellis, Bruton, & Freeman-Browne, 1973) performed autopsies on 15 boxers and delineated 4 neuropathological features of CTE: 1) Abnormalities of the septum pellucidum (cavum, fenestrations), 2) Cerebellar scarring on the inferior surface of the lateral lobes (especially the tonsillar regions), 3) Degeneration of the substantia nigra, and 4) Widespread neurofibrillary tangles in the cerebral cortex and brainstem (comprised of hyperphosphorylated tau). These 4 criteria were originally determined via consensual validation to be the hallmark neuropathological criteria for CTE. It should be noted, however, that Roberts, Allsop, and Bruton (1990) re-examined the brains from the Corsellis series and discovered, using improved immuno-histochemistry techniques, that nearly all had extensive beta amyloid deposition similar to what is seen in Alzheimer’s disease (AD).