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Chemoreception in Aquatic Invertebrates
Published in Robert H. Cagan, Neural Mechanisms in Taste, 2020
Barry W. Ache, William E. S. Carr
“Taste” sensilla are primarily borne on the distal-most segments of the walking legs and on the mouthparts, although similar sensilla are more widely distributed on the surface of the organism, including the aesthetasc-containing antennules (see Reference 37). As summarized in Figure 2B, “taste” sensilla differ from aesthetascs in that the former have a terminal pore that presumably provides the route of stimulus entry. The cuticle may also be permeable,38 but, if so, it lacks the “spongy” appearance of the aesthetasc cuticle. “Taste” sensilla are also less heavily innervated, typically having less than 20 neurons per sensillum, and the outer segments of the dendrites are unbranched and surrounded by a dendritic sheath. In contrast to the aesthetascs, these sensilla are frequently,38–40 if not always,41 bimodal and also respond to mechanical deformation of the hair or its socket. There is now evidence that the bimodality can be inherent in single cells,42 although the sensilla are innervated by two types of neurons, those with structural features typically assigned to mechanoreception and others with structural features typically assigned to chemoreception.38 Axons of the neurons associated with “taste” sensilla also do not appear to synapse peripherally, but, unlike aesthetascs, their central projections are unknown.
Central and Peripheral Regulation of Appetite and Food Intake in Drosophila
Published in Ruth B.S. Harris, Appetite and Food Intake, 2017
Both larvae and adult flies have sophisticated sensory systems for detecting volatile and nonvolatile food cues, and many of them have been extensively characterized (Vosshall et al. 2000; Scott 2005; Hallem et al. 2006; Benton 2008; Vosshall 2008; Masse et al. 2009; Montell 2009; Tanimura et al. 2009; Yarmolinsky et al. 2009). Larvae live on their food source. To identify food in their surroundings, they make use of chemosensory neurons that are widely distributed in diverse organs in the head and other parts of the body, including the dorsal organ (DO), which detects odor and taste, and the terminal organ (TO), ventral organ (VO), and pharyngeal sensilla, which are primarily gustatory (Chu and Axtell 1971; Chu-Wang and Axtell 1972a,b; Singh and Singh 1984; Singh 1997). Adult flies are much more mobile and have a more complex chemosensory system to detect long-range cues as well as chemosensory hairs or sensilla located on the antennae, labial and maxillary palps, legs, wings, and mouthparts parts for sensing local gustatory and other sensory cues (Stocker 1994).
The biology of parasites from the genus Argulus and a review of the interactions with its host
Published in G. F. Wiegertjes, G. Flik, Host-Parasite Interactions, 2004
Peter D. Walker, Gert Flik, Sjoerd E. Wendelaar Bonga
Argulids certainly possess well-developed compound eyes and it is the belief of several authors (e.g. Mikheev et al., 1998), including the authors here, that these function as the main organs utilized by argulids to locate their hosts. A median, naupliar eye is also present but this relatively primitive structure can probably detect nothing more than simple changes in light intensity but this would provide information for the parasite regarding its orientation. In addition antennae, setae and sensillae can be observed on various parts of the animal’s surface and these structures may have a sensory function. Several authors have speculated on the role of mechanosensation and chemosensation in locating hosts and possibly mates (Galarowicz and Cochran; 1991; Russon, personal communication). To date evidence is inconclusive but future research may show that these sensory mechanisms are indeed very important to the success of argulids.
Physiological responses of the Drosophila labellum to amino acids
Published in Journal of Neurogenetics, 2018
Among the S sensilla, responses were heterogeneous. Particularly conspicuous was the lack of responses from S4 or S8 sensilla. This unresponsiveness to amino acids is consistent with the lack of responses of S4 or S8 to any of 16 bitter compounds tested (Weiss et al.,2011). These results raise interesting questions about the function of these exceptional sensilla in sensory coding. S4 and S8 appear morphologically similar to other S sensilla but do not express any of 33 Gr-GAL4 drivers that are expressed in bitter neurons (Weiss et al.,2011). These sensilla do show expression of a small number of IR-GAL4 drivers (Koh et al.,2014), which could underlie response to another kind of sensory stimuli.
Deformation of appendages, antennal segments and sensilla of aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch) treated with Tagetes minuta oil: a scanning electron microscopy study
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
C. S. Jayaram, Nandita Chauhan, Shudh Kirti Dolma, S. G. Eswara Reddy
The results of SEM analysis revealed that sensilla trichoidea is the major sensory setae observed on the cuticle. Sensilla trichoidea is differentiated into two types (type I and type II sensilla) based on morphology, length and width of the base of the setae (Figure 3(a–f) and Table 1). Type I sensilla are slender, longer than type II with a well-developed hair socket whereas type II sensilla are stouter than type I and also having a well-developed hair socket in untreated A. craccivora. Type I sensilla trichoidea also identified based on its length (16.48 ± 0.56 μm) and width (7.10 ± 0.30 μm) from the base of sensilla (Figure 3(a)) and type II sensilla measured about 7.91 ± 0.58 μm length and 5.72 ± 0.36 μm width (Figure 3(b)).
Aluminum oxide nanoparticles mediated toxicity, loss of appendages in progeny of Drosophila melanogaster on chronic exposure
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2019
Avnika Singh Anand, Urmila Gahlot, Dipti N. Prasad, Ekta Kohli
In comparison to taste buds in human, insect identifies differ taste through the external surface of the body which include labella of the proboscis, wings, and legs (Thoma et al. 2016). Also, the legs of flies play an important role as a gustatory organ with tarsal taste sensilla (Ling et al. 2014). Hereby effect of NPs on parent flies and weakened legs of the progeny on exposure to Al2O3 NPs correlates with abnormal tasting ability in flies.