Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Special Considerations for Men's Health
Published in Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra, Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
Lifestyle medicine has the potential to positively impact men’s health issues inclusive of male specific disorders involving the male genital and reproductive organs. Common lifestyle medicine strategies include balanced diet low in calories, saturated fat; physical activity, reduction or elimination of alcohol and tobacco consumption, and stress reduction.
The Role of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Agonists in the Treatment of Uterine Fibroids
Published in John C. Petrozza, Uterine Fibroids, 2020
Whitney A. Leonard, Alexander M. Quaas
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is the primary hormonal stimulus of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. GnRH is produced in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus and released to the hypophysial portal system, which connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary. GnRH then binds to the GnRH receptor on gonadotrophs in the anterior pituitary, stimulating the release of luteinizing hormone (LH), as well as follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), from the pituitary. These hormones then act on the ovaries to help control the menstrual cycle. Hormonal control of the reproductive organs has been utilized by the medical field to treat human disease and dysregulation of endocrine functions [1].
Fertility preservation in pediatric and adolescent girls
Published in Joseph S. Sanfilippo, Eduardo Lara-Torre, Veronica Gomez-Lobo, Sanfilippo's Textbook of Pediatric and Adolescent GynecologySecond Edition, 2019
Most studies regarding gonadotoxic treatments have been conducted in cancer patients and have shown that female cancer survivors have decreased pregnancy rates and increased rates of infertility, compared to siblings without a cancer history.16,17 Fertility can be affected by surgical removal of reproductive organs, chemotherapy, or radiation. There is a range in both the timeline and the extent of the effect of nonsurgical gonadotoxic treatments on oocytes, with some girls retaining ovarian function following treatment, but with a shortened reproductive window and earlier age at menopause, and others showing little to no ovarian function after treatment.18–22 There are publicly available online tools to help providers with risk assessment, but it is important to note that these resources do not take into account differences in baseline characteristics, such as ovarian reserve. Additionally, the risk estimates provided by these resources are for ovarian failure, not necessarily impaired fertility or a shortened reproductive window.
Serum leptin correlates in fertile and idiopathic infertile Yemeni males: a comparative cross-sectional study
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2022
Ebraheem A. Al-Nawd, Fairouz K. Alshowafi, Ahmed A. Abdullateef, Mohammad M. Abdulgabbar Noman, Rashad H. Albadani, Majed Ahmed Al-Mansoub
This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at the consultant medical centre for dermatology, andrology and infertility in Ibb city, Yemen, from March 2015 to August 2015. Samples were collected from men who visited the Andrology clinic for fertility evaluation. The sample size was calculated using OpenEpi software version 2.3. To achieve 80% power and a level of significance of 5%. The sample size was similar to a study conducted by Hanafy et al. (2007). Hence, our study required minimum sample size of 24 patients and 24 control. However, after clinical investigation and interviews, the study involved 30 infertile men of reproductive age (18–50 years old) with abnormal semen parameters and unknown unexplained causes for infertility. The control group involved 30 age-matched fertile volunteers from normozoospermic healthy men. The exclusion criteria were as follows: (a) males aged >18 or <50 years, (b) a history of congenital or acquired disorders of the reproductive organs, (c) clinical varicocele or genital tract infections, (d) patients suspected to have obstructive azoospermia, (e) cases with features suggestive of hypogonadism including repeated low total testosterone and clinical signs and symptoms, (f) history of taking drugs known to compromise male fertility or affecting their sex hormones, (g) exposure to environmental toxicants, excessive heat or irradiation, (h) history of heavy smoking, alcohol intake or drug abuse, (i) cases showing agglutination of their sperms during semen analysis, (j) chronic systemic diseases, and (k) severe obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2).
Reproductive desires in transgender and gender diverse adults: A cross-sectional study in Thailand
Published in International Journal of Transgender Health, 2022
Natnita Mattawanon, Unyamanee Kummaraka, Awirut Oon-arom, Natthaporn Manojai, Vin Tangpricha
Transgender and gender diverse people should have the universal basic human right to have biologically related offspring (Coleman et al., 2012). Transgender and gender diverse people do seek to explore fertility options available for their family situation (Murphy, 2010). Over the past several years, assisted reproductive technologies (ART) such as gamete cryopreservation and In-Vitro fertilization (IVF) has enabled transgender and gender diverse people the ability to reproduce. It is now possible to provide assisted reproductive services for transgender and gender diverse people with different gender identities and sexual orientations. For example, intrauterine insemination (IUI), using donor sperm to impregnate one partner, could be a reasonable choice for a transgender couple in which one has a uterus. In transgender people, fertility options will vary with the availability of gametes and reproductive organs of the person and their partner. For example, a transgender woman with testes can use their own gametes for an IUI or IVF procedure with donor oocytes along with surrogacy if her partner does not have a uterus. An alternative could be the use of their own gametes if their partner has a uterus, viable oocytes and is of reproductive age (Mattawanon et al., 2018).
Vitamin C and E supplementation can ameliorate NaF mediated testicular and spermatozoal DNA damages in adult Wistar rats
Published in Biomarkers, 2022
Priyankar Pal, Ayan De, Tarit Roychowdhury, Prabir Kumar Mukhopadhyay
Following acclimatisation period of one week rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8). Group I rats were given vehicle only. Group II rats were gavaged with NaF at a dose of 15 mg/kg/day. Group III rats were given same dose of NaF along with VC (200 mg/kg/day) and VE (400 mg/kg/day) orally. Animals of group IV were given only VC&VE at above mentioned doses. NaF was prepared by dissolving 1.5 mg of NaF in 250 μL distilled water for 100 gm weight of animal per day (Pal and Mukhopadhyay 2021). Vitamin C and E were dissolved in distilled water and olive oil respectively (Mondal et al.2016). After completion of 30 consecutive days of treatment schedule, rats from each group were euthanized on next morning under overnight fast. Primary (testes) and accessory (prostate, seminal vesicle and epididymis) reproductive organs were dissected out and weighed. Testis and epididymis (cauda) were kept in Bouin’s solution for histopathological analysis. For biochemical studies (testes and cauda epididymis), DNA damage assessment (testes) and fluoride level estimation (testes) tissues were stored in −80ºC. Cauda segments were further used for isolation of spermatozoa which were immediately used for assessment of their potential and DNA status.