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The immune and lymphatic systems, infection and sepsis
Published in Peate Ian, Dutton Helen, Acute Nursing Care, 2020
Michelle Treacy, Caroline Smales, Helen Dutton
The spleen is made up of areas of white and red pulp. The white pulp regions congregate around the splenic artery and blood sinuses and are primarily concerned with the immune surveillance function and the production of lymphocytes, when required. The red pulp region removes worn-out blood cells, platelets and pathogens. The spleen has a very thin outer capsule, and any blunt trauma may cause the spleen to rupture, potentially leading to life-threatening haemorrhage. If the spleen is removed (splenectomy), its function is taken over by the liver and bone marrow.
Acquired Immunity
Published in Peter Kam, Ian Power, Michael J. Cousins, Philip J. Siddal, Principles of Physiology for the Anaesthetist, 2020
Peter Kam, Ian Power, Michael J. Cousins, Philip J. Siddal
The white pulp of the spleen has B-cell follicles and T-cell areas, whereas the red pulp consists of a rich network of blood vessels that remove old red blood cells. MALT is present in the small gut (Peyer's patch), respiratory tract (tonsils, adenoids) and urogenital tract.
The Scurfy (sf) Mutation, Chromosome X
Published in John P. Sundberg, Handbook of Mouse Mutations with Skin and Hair Abnormalities, 2020
The splenic red pulp is massively expanded by hematopoietic cells, leading to spleen weights that are two to four times those of normal siblings. The white pulp may appear enlarged or shrunken but, in either case, is composed of hyperplastic reticulum cells and lymphoblasts. Follicles and distinct marginal zones are lacking, and small lymphocytes are absent.
Rac1 regulates platelet microparticles formation and rheumatoid arthritis deterioration
Published in Platelets, 2020
The histological change of the ankles and spleens were then detected by HE staining. There were even no Fibroblast-like synoviocytes in the normal joints. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes had infiltrated the chondrocyte and caused the erosion of cartilage in the PBS treated CIA mice. However, in the NSC23766 treated CIA mice, the infiltration of FLS to chondrocyte and the erosion of cartilage were all alleviated significantly (Figure 4A). Normal spleen contains red pulp and white pulp. The structure of spleen white pulp and red pulp were destroyed in PBS treated CIA mice. However, the destroyed spleens were restored in NSC23766 treated CIA mice (Figure 4B). Thus, NSC23766 protect CIA mice from deterioration. Considering platelet MPs contribute to joint inflammation, we detected the ratio of platelet MPs in the peripheral blood. In vivo, the ratio of PMPs was decreased by NSC23766 significantly in CIA mice compared to PBS control (Figure 4C,D). Furthermore, the NSC23766 treated mice and PBS control treated mice developed equal serum IgG anti-Collagen II levels. At 3 wk, a mean of 0.76 mg/ml total IgG anti-Collagen II was found in the PBS treated mice compared with 0.68 mg/ml in the NSC23766 treated mice (Figure 4E) and there was no significant difference. Thus, Rac1 regulated RA development by promoting the formation of PMPs but not due to the production of autoantibody (anti-collagen II).
Resveratrol ameliorates ionizing irradiation-induced long-term immunosuppression in mice
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2018
Heng Zhang, Hao Yan, Jianzi Ying, Liqing Du, Chunze Zhang, Yiling Yang, Huaqing Wang, Hui Wang
Splenic pulp of control mice was composed of white pulp and red pulp. The white pulp, rich in B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes, functions in producing and growing immune and blood cells. The red pulp, composed of sinuses, splenic cords and marginal zone, functions in filtering blood of antigens, microorganisms and defective or worn-out red blood cells. On day 30 post-TBI, the spleen of irradiated mice displayed an increase in the ratio of red pulp area to white pulp area due to white pulp depletion. The marginal zone around lymphoid nodules and splenic cords in the red pulp were poorly visible. Spleen morphology of resveratrol-treated mice 30 days post-irradiation showed that the increase in red pulp over white pulp was less remarkable as the depletion of white pulp lymphatic nodules was of a lesser extent (Figure 3). The thymus collected from control mice showed a distinct dark-staining cortex surrounding and enclosing the paler staining medulla. There were patchy areas throughout the cortex where cortical lymphocyte density was reduced. Treatment with resveratrol ameliorated radiation-induced atrophy of the thymic cortex (Figure 3).
Pharmacotherapeutic advances for splenomegaly in myelofibrosis
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2023
Douglas Tremblay, John Mascarenhas
Understanding the causes of splenomegaly in MF first necessitates a discussion of the splenic anatomy. The spleen is divided into the white pulp, which serves as a reservoir for lymphocytes, and the red pulp, which functions to filter blood [12]. The spleen itself is encapsulated in dense, irregular fibrous tissue. Blood flows into the spleen through the splenic artery which branches into arterioles. From there, approximately 90% goes through the venous sinuses while 10% filters through the red pulp [13]. Splenomegaly in MF is primarily a consequence of extramedullary hematopoiesis from abnormal hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) trafficking to the red pulp of the spleen, and there are multiple molecular mechanisms which contribute to extramedullary hematopoiesis in MF patients.