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Multivariate Meta-Analysis
Published in Christopher H. Schmid, Theo Stijnen, Ian R. White, Handbook of Meta-Analysis, 2020
Dan Jackson, Ian R. White, Richard D. Riley
Craig et al. (2002) systematically reviewed thermometry studies comparing temperatures taken at the ear and rectum in children, and of clinical interest is the accuracy of infrared ear thermometry for diagnosing fever. Eleven studies (2323 children) evaluated the accuracy of a “FirstTemp” branded ear thermometer in relation to an electronic rectal thermometer. Rectal temperature was the reference measure, as it is a well-established method of measuring temperature in children. However, measuring temperature at the ear is less invasive than measuring temperature at the rectum, and so ear measurements would be preferable if their diagnostic accuracy is adequate. All studies defined patients with an ear temperature of more than 38°C to be test positive, and the gold standard definition of fever was a rectal temperature of more than 38°C, consistent with NHS guidelines for diagnosing fever in children at the time of these studies. The studies included children already in hospital or attending accident and emergency, and so the observed prevalence of fever was high, around 50%.
Unexplained Fever in Geriatrics
Published in Benedict Isaac, Serge Kernbaum, Michael Burke, Unexplained Fever, 2019
M. Burke, C. Merdler, David Goldray
Fever is rarely higher than 39.5° in the elderly and rigors are quite exceptional. The rectal temperature appears to reflect the presence of fever more accurately than either oral or axillary readings.6 Symptoms and signs of febrile diseases of the elderly tend to be diffuse and nonspecific: malaise, confusion, restlessness, headache, lethargy, anorexia, weight loss, tachypnea, tachycardia, and dehydration. Localizing features are less frequently observed, e.g., absence of neck stiffness in meningitis, paucity of abdominal symptoms and signs in intra-abdominal infections.
Methods and Procedures
Published in Richard A. Jonas, Jane W. Newburger, Joseph J. Volpe, John W. Kirklin, Brain Injury and Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, 2019
Jane W. Newburger, Wypij David
Patients were cooled to a rectal temperature of 18°C. If tympanic temperatures were higher than 18°C at this point, cooling was continued until this tympanic temperature was reached. At this point, circulatory arrest or low flow was begun depending upon treatment assignment. Prior to commencement of low-flow bypass or circulatory arrest, blood was again sampled for all parameters including arterial and venous gases, calcium, hematocrit, glucose, serum osmolarity, and electrolytes. Pentothal 10 mg/kg was given approximately 10 minutes after initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass.
Effects of a liquid cooling vest on physiological and perceptual responses while wearing stab-resistant body armor in a hot environment
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022
Mengqi Yuan, Yuchen Wei, Qiqi An, Jie Yang
During the test, physiological parameters (core temperature, skin temperature, heart rate, oxygen consumption and sweat loss) and subjective perceptions (thermal sensation, rating of perceived exertion [RPE] and restriction of movement) were recorded. The weight of each participant was measured before and after the test, and sweat loss was calculated using the change in body weight. Evaporative efficiency was calculated from the weight changes in the clothing and the body [24]. Rectal temperature was measured using an ingestible telemetric pill (CorTemp; HQ Inc., USA). Segmental skin temperatures at the neck, right scapula, left hand and right shin were measured using thermometers (YSI 409; Measurement Specialties Inc., USA). The mean skin temperature was calculated from the segmental skin temperatures based on the defined standard [25]; the weighting coefficients for the neck, right scapula, left hand and right shin were 0.28, 0.28, 0.16 and 0.28, respectively. The heart rate was continuously measured using a heart rate monitor (Polar Team2, Finland).
The effect of Ramadan fasting on the morning–evening difference in team-handball-related short-term maximal physical performances in elite female team-handball players
Published in Chronobiology International, 2021
Thouraya Mhenni, Amine Souissi, Amel Tayech, Narimen Yousfi, Mohamed Arbi Mejri, Karim Chamari, Nizar Souissi, Riadh Khlifa, Monoem Haddad
Despite its findings, the present study has some limitations. On the night preceding each test session, the sleep quantity and quality were not assessed. Furthermore, the average sleep hours during the month of Ramadan and psychological well-being parameters were not screened. Body mass was not measured during Ramadan. Future studies should record anthropometric data (body mass, skinfold measurements) before, during, and after Ramadan (Zerguini etal. 2008). Although rectal temperature is usually preferred as amarker of the body clock, the monitoring of rectal temperature in the present study presented with problems of social acceptability (Guette etal. 2005). Only the OT method was acceptable to the participants. Digital thermometers also do not provide accurate measurements to determine core body temperature, as do temperature probes and/or ingestible temperature measurement pills. Nevertheless, the reliability of the device used at both times (morning and evening) has been verified previously (Mhenni etal. 2017).
Time following ingestion does not influence the validity of telemetry pill measurements of core temperature during exercise-heat stress: The journal Temperature toolbox
Published in Temperature, 2021
Sean R. Notley, Robert D. Meade, Glen P. Kenny
In the present study, we evaluated the agreement between rectal temperature (criterion) and ingestible telemetric temperature pills consumed 12, 6, 3 and 1 hour(s) prior to data collection, during exercise-heat stress in young men. We hypothesized that agreement between rectal and pill temperature would improve with increases in time following ingestion. However, neither the mean temperature nor mean squared error were significantly influenced by ingestion timing. Further, the limits of agreement for each pill fell on or exceeded our acceptance criteria (±0.3°C). Thus, while ingestible temperature pills did not offer the precision required to be used interchangeably with rectal temperature, pill ingestion timing appears not to influence the validity of telemetry pill temperature as an index of core temperature.