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Anal Fissures
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
An anal fissure is a very painful condition caused by trauma, or tears in the moist mucosal tissue that lines the anus and anal canal. These tears can be caused by straining to have a bowel movement, hard or large stools, and/or chronic episodes of diarrhea. Symptoms include severe sharp pain with defecation, rectal bleeding, and anal itching.1
Acquired anorectal disorders: Prolapse, fistula, and hemorrhoids
Published in Mark Davenport, James D. Geiger, Nigel J. Hall, Steven S. Rothenberg, Operative Pediatric Surgery, 2020
Anal fistula is a communication between the perianal skin and the anal canal following perianal abscess. Fistulas are “low” in infants/children and usually pass straight between the skin sinus and the anal canal at the level of the dentate line. Presentation is of a perianal abscess treated either surgically or, more often, incompletely by antibiotics alone, resulting in a chronically discharging perianal sinus. “Flare-ups” of recurrent painful swelling and redness may occur.
Scientific Rationale for the Use of Single Herb Remedies in Ayurveda
Published in D. Suresh Kumar, Ayurveda in the New Millennium, 2020
S. Ajayan, R. Ajith Kumar, Nirmal Narayanan
Hemorrhoids are vascular structures in the anal canal that get swollen or inflamed. They often result in pain and swelling in the area of the anus. External hemorrhoids often result in pain and swelling in the area of the anus (Schubert et al. 2009). P. zeylanica possesses many properties that are helpful in the treatment of hemorrhoids.
Congenital Pouch Colon: Further Histopathological Perspectives
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2022
Neha Singh, Suravi Mohanty, Inchara Yeliur Kalegowda, Pritilata Rout
Case 1 showed lining of pseudostratified columnar epithelium and transitional epithelium with foci of squamous metaplasia. The epithelial lining represents a histological transition from the hindgut into the urinary bladder in ano-urogenital communications. Since the colovesical fistula opens at the dome of the bladder, high on its posterior wall or occasionally in the vesicourethral territory, it bears the lining epithelium of the urinary bladder or anal canal [10,20]. In our case, the flattened areas adjacent to the fistulous orifice in the pouch displayed these features. The cystitis glandularis with intestinal metaplasia in Case 1 is believed to develop from the Von Brunn’s nests. The intestinal subtype of cystitis glandularis has been described as premalignant, but progression to cancer may be a long-term process [21]. The squamous metaplasia and intestinal metaplasia due to irritation of the native tissue illustrates early changes in a nine-month infant.Though there is no documentation of an adenocarcinoma developing in a CPC till date, retaining the pouch has a potential risk of metaplasia and malignant transformation.
Giant Anal Fibroepithelial Polyp in a Healthy Teenage Boy: A Case Report and Literature Review
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2022
Kelley Park, Paulette Abbas, Scott Langenburg, Janet Poulik, Abdul Hanan, Bahig M. Shehata
Tumors of the anal margin are fairly uncommon. A majority of malignant neoplasms are Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) associated squamous cell carcinomas, both well and poorly differentiated basaloid presentations, and adenocarcinomas of the upper anal canal/rectum. However, many other less described benign lesions can be considered for the differential diagnosis of this presentation, one being fibroepithelial polyps, also known as anal tags. Unlike cutaneous lesions, which are associated with abnormal lipid profiles, colonic polyps, and diabetes, fibroepithelial polyps of the anus arise from an enlargement of anal papillae in response to mucosal trauma, irritation, or infection [1,2]. These lesions usually remain small in size and present as sessile, flesh colored lesions around the anal canal, with highly variable stromal and epithelial histopathology. Development is most common for patients in middle to late adulthood with prior anal trauma or disease, specifically inflammatory bowel disease (i.e. Crohn’s disease) [3,4]. In this report we describe a giant (15x15x10cm) pedunculated anal fibroepithelial polyp with novel lymphatic dilation in a young adolescent male.
Recommendations and best practice on the management of hemorrhoidal disease in Saudi Arabia
Published in Hospital Practice, 2022
Mohamed Zaki El-Kelani, Raouf Kerdahi, Samir Raghib, Mohamed Ashraf Shawkat, Naser Abdelnazer, Ishag Mudawi, Magdy Mahmoud, Wassim Abi Hussein, Mohamed Tawfik, Waleed Wahdan
Hemorrhoid, also called piles, is used only when the expansion of the vascular cushions in the anal canal and the external veins cause symptoms [1]. No consensus on how to define the pathophysiology of hemorrhoid is described in the literature. However, several theories describe the causes as disease of the veins in the anorectal vascular cushions, weakening of the collagen support in the anal canal and increased arterial flow to the vascular plexus [2]. Several causes have been claimed to develop hemorrhoid, including causes of increased intra-abdominal pressure like chronic constipation, pregnancy due to pressure of the pregnant uterus on pelvic veins and prolonged straining [3]. Our improved understanding of the anatomy of hemorrhoid made us develop new methods of treatment which are less invasive. Unfortunately, the use of the term hemorrhoid among lay people to cover any anal complaint has led to increase estimate of prevalence from 4.4% in the USA up to 36.4% in the United Kingdom [4].