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Hand and Wrist Radiography
Published in Russell L. Wilson, Chiropractic Radiography and Quality Assurance Handbook, 2020
This view may be done in the fourth quarter of the film, or on a separate 8 in. × 10 in. film. Lead blockers are positioned to cover the exposed film. The horizontal central ray is centered to the scaphoid or 0.5 in. distal to the radial styloid process.
Immersion ultrasonography improves the repeatability of cephalic vein diameter measurements for inexperienced operators
Published in Renal Failure, 2022
Zhijun Zhang, Shu He, Hui Wang, Yu Zhong, Hairong Zou, Xuan Gao
For each of the 48 patients, a line was drawn 2 cm above the radial styloid process of the left hand. Contact ultrasound was performed by applying ultrasound gel to the mark and lightly placing the probe on the skin for cephalic vein examination. The ultrasound probe has full contact with the skin to ensure a clear visualization of the cephalic vein (zero distance between the ultrasound probe and the skin). Immersion ultrasound was performed by adding room-temperature physiological saline to the tank to a fluid level 2 cm above the wrist. The patient’s elbow joint was kept at 90°, and the ultrasound probe was kept perpendicular to the skin during the scanning process. The ultrasound probe, with a protective cover, was then immersed in the saline; the probe was maintained at a distance of approximately 1 cm from the skin and did not make skin contact (Figure 1). During all inspections, the room temperature remained the same, and the subjects had a normal body temperature and normal heart rate.
Combined Gait and Grasping in Autistic and Non-Autistic Youths
Published in Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 2022
A. H. Mason, K. A. Pickett, A. S. Padilla, B. G. Travers
Three light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were attached to an ACETM brand adjustable brace (8” at the widest point) that the participant wore across their chest. The brace was adjusted to a comfortable fit using the Velcro closure. Two shoulder straps, attached to the brace and crossed in back, prevented the brace from falling during the walking trials. The center LED was in line with the sternum and the remaining two LEDs were placed below and to the right and left of the center LED. This arrangement created a plane which was used as a reference for whole body movement. Five LEDs were attached to the participant’s right arm at the head of the humerus, lateral epicondyle, medial epicondyle, ulnar styloid process, and radial styloid process. Two additional LEDs were placed on wedges of putty taped to the nail beds of the right thumb and index finger using Transpore (3 M) medical tape. Placing the LEDs on putty ensured that the LEDs remained visible to the VisualEyez cameras during object contact.
Manual therapy reduces the frequency of clinical hemarthrosis and improves range of motion and perceived disability in patients with hemophilic elbow arthropathy. A randomized, single-blind, clinical trial
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Rubén Cuesta-Barriuso, Raúl Pérez-Llanes, José Antonio López-Pina, Elena Donoso-Úbeda, Javier Meroño-Gallut
A goniometer was used to measure flexion and elbow extension. This measuring instrument has shown good intra-and interobserver reliability (ICC: 0.70 − 0.99) [14]. We followed the measurement protocol described by Cleffken et al. [15]. Reference bone surfaces for the mobile arms of the goniometer were the acromion and the radial styloid process, while the lateral epicondyle was taken as reference of the center of rotation. Perceived upper limb disability was evaluated using the Spanish version of the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire [16]. This self-administered questionnaire is used to assess the patient's perceived disability when performing various activities, including daily living activities and based on symptoms such as pain, stiffness or loss of strength. It consists of 30 items, where each scores from 1 to 5, with increasing values depending on the intensity of symptoms. Scores for the items are added to obtain a total score, which can range from 30 to 150 points and is translated to a scale ranging from 0 (best possible score) to 100 (worst possible score) [17]. There are two optional modules for measuring the impact of upper limb injury when playing musical instruments and when playing sports or working.