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Management of Acute Burn Injuries
Published in Kajal Jain, Nidhi Bhatia, Acute Trauma Care in Developing Countries, 2023
Splints help in reducing the pain and oedema, maintain or improve range of motion, and prevent development of joint contractures, which can complicate the management of burn wounds and delay rehabilitation of patients (Table 23.5).
Extensor tendon injuries
Published in Peter Houpt, Hand Injuries in the Emergency Department, 2023
The splint should be worn 24 hours a day. The PIP joint remains free to allow flexion. In patients who do not adhere to therapy a trans-articular Kirschner wire can be chosen for fixation. With an open mallet finger or with an avulsion fragment larger than one third of the joint surface or in cases of subluxation of the distal phalanx, operative repair is indicated.
RLE Orthopaedic Injury Management
Published in Mansoor Khan, David Nott, Fundamentals of Frontline Surgery, 2021
Jowan Penn-Barwell, Daniel Christopher Allison
Splints (non-circumferential [along one, two, or three sides of the limb]) and casts (circumferential) are firm supports made of plaster or fibreglass which can confer relative stability to unstable extremity fractures and joint injuries through immobilisation. In the case of long-bone fractures, splints and casts work by immobilising the joint above and below the fracture after basic length, alignment, and rotation of the bone or joint have been restored. Application of a splint or cast to a fractured humerus or femur can be technically challenging, and these devices can even exacerbate movement at the fracture site, especially if the joint above (shoulder, hip) is not adequately included and immobilised. Casts of any material will require a mechanical saw to remove, which can be challenging in austere environments. Options for splint and cast types are summarised in Table 13.2.
Hand function 6 weeks following non-surgically treated proximal phalangeal fractures and factors associated to upper extremity disability
Published in European Journal of Physiotherapy, 2023
Katarina Mortazavi, Ingela K. Carlsson, Lars B. Dahlin, Elisabeth Ekstrand
Based on our cut-off for low vs. high adherence most patients reported high adherence to the exercise regime the first 2 weeks after cast removal, but less participants adhered to the regime the second week compared to the first (60 vs. 80%). Reasons for the decrease may have been difficulties to adhere to the intense exercise protocol for more than one week. Also, the participants may have regained sufficient range of motion enabling the use of the hand in daily activities. Moreover, a narrow majority, adhered to the night splint regime in the first and second week after cast removal. The patients were informed that the aim of the splint was to protect the fracture and facilitate MCP-joint flexion and PIP-joint extension. However, non-adherence might have been due to the fact that a night splint immobilise the hand which may result in discomfort, difficulty sleeping, and a sense of stiffness in the morning. Furthermore, some participants may only have used the splint part of the night and reported this as non-use.
Patents related to the treatment and diagnosis of bruxism
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2018
Kenya Felicíssimo, Cristina M. Quintella, Juliana Stuginski, Cristina Salles, Flora Rangel Oliveira, Leandro de Oliveira Barreto
The key finding and main weakness is that nowadays the industry tendency is to seek mainly treatments for bruxism, as shown by the high number of patents for splints, especially in the earlier years of the technology. Splints are a mature technology, with only slight variations between them, and have very low added value due to a low level of built-in technology. The bruxism technologies developed in recent years have incorporated advances in several areas of knowledge, such as sensors, automation, and miniaturized software that incorporate diagnosis and treatment in the same device. Nevertheless, the products already on the market have low efficacy for bruxism. There is still a need for compact and effective technology, for example a device that differentiates the types of movement exerted during the bruxism event.
“The more I do, the more I can do”: perspectives on how performing daily activities and occupations influences recovery after surgical repair of a distal radius fracture
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Julie M. Collis, Elizabeth C. Mayland, Valerie Wright-St Clair, Nada Signal
In our study, splint use was highly variable between participants and over time, and this may have influenced wrist stiffness and pain. Some participants reported that splints were appreciated for support and pain relief but many disliked splints because they impeded movement. Frequently, participants removed the splint simply to enable them to carry out daily activities and allow uninhibited wrist movement. The decision as to whether to remove a splint appeared to be based on varying postoperative advice and the degree of confidence of each participant. The relationships between postoperative advice, splint wear and wrist stiffness should be investigated in future research.