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Biomechanics of the foot and ankle
Published in Maneesh Bhatia, Essentials of Foot and Ankle Surgery, 2021
Sheraz S Malik, Shahbaz S Malik
Ankle motion during normal walking averages about 10° dorsiflexion and 14° plantarflexion. Maximum dorsiflexion occurs at 70% stance and maximum plantarflexion occurs at toe-off. The subtalar joint is in 2° supination at heel strike, and undergoes pronation up to foot flat, achieving 2° pronation, then it moves towards supination, achieving maximum supination of 6° at toe-off.5 Most of transverse plane motion of the foot occurs in the last 20% of stance phase, when the joints are adducting.17
Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery
Published in Timothy W R Briggs, Jonathan Miles, William Aston, Heledd Havard, Daud TS Chou, Operative Orthopaedics, 2020
Jonathan Wright, Russell Hawkins, Aresh Hashemi-Nejad, Peter Calder
Cavus: Caused by a relative pronation of the forefoot due to a plantarflexed first ray. The first ray is elevated with pressure beneath the first metatarsal head to supinate the forefoot and align it with the varus hindfoot. Forced pronation of the foot is avoided as this will worsen the cavus.
Substantive Issues in Running
Published in Christopher L. Vaughan, Biomechanics of Sport, 2020
Carol A. Putnam, John W. Kozey
The most common injury in the foot and ankle region is achilles tendinitis accounting for 6 to 11% of all running injuries.118–120 One proposed mechanism of achilles tendon injury is believed to be associated with an excessive pronation of the hindfoot as the runner moves from heel strike to midstance and toe-off.119,126 Excessive pronation is thought to produce a bowstring effect of the tendon which increases the stress in the midtendon area. Consequently, this injury is typically treated with orthotics to reduce the excessive pronation of the foot.
Footwear characteristics and foot problems in community dwelling people with stroke: a cross-sectional observational study
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2023
Dorit Kunkel, Louis Mamode, Malcolm Burnett, Ruth Pickering, Dan Bader, Margaret Donovan-Hall, Mark Cole, Ann Ashburn, Catherine Bowen
Aspects of foot and ankle problems have previously been explored in people with stroke [13–17]. In comparison to a control group, people with stroke participants exhibited reduced sensation of the first metatarsophalangeal joint, greater foot pronation and reduced foot function; stroke fallers exhibited significantly greater foot pronation in comparison to non-fallers [15]. Most of the research published to date suggests that reduced foot range of motion and foot postures indicative of greater pronation are common post stroke [13–15]. In contrast, others reported foot postures indicative of supination particularly in the affected foot [16].