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Genitalia
Published in Shiv Shanker Pareek, The Pictorial Atlas of Common Genito-Urinary Medicine, 2018
Tyson’s glands (also called pearly penile papules) – these are similar to sebaceous glands and are situated around the corona and inner surface of the prepuce of the penis. They are not always present and are not thought to be pathological. The glands may be analogous to preputial glands found in other mammals.
Steroid Δ4-Reductases: their Physiological Role and Significance
Published in Ronald Hobkirk, Steroid Biochemistry, 1979
A number of other tissues have the ability to form progesterone Δ4-reduced metabolites and the effects of 5α-dihydroprogesterone have been examined in several biological systems. For example, 5α-pregnane-3,20-dione caused ovulation in PMSG-treated immature rats although it was less potent than progesterone.79 Progesterone in vivo has not activity by itself on preputial glands but it does alter the in vitro metabolism of labeled progesterone by the tissue possibly by increasing both Δ4-5α-reductase and 20o-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity;80 it was suggested that through these changes progesterone may regulate its own levels within the tissue. Progesterone is synergistic with other hormones in controlling mammary growth and its metabolism by the rabbit mammary gland has been studied;81 both 5α-metabolites were identified indicating another tissue where Δ4-5α-reduction can occur. Again, the relationship of progesterone metabolism to its actions in mammary tissue is unclear. Mouse vaginal tissue actively forms 5α-reduced metabolites of progesterone; the progesterone Δ4-5α-reductase activity in this tissue does not appear to be affected by estrogen administration but the vivo and in vitro experiments suggest that it is the rate limiting step in the formation of products redced at C-3 or C-20.82
Effect of Dietary Methylseleninic Acid and Se-Methylselenocysteine on Carcinogen-Induced, Androgen-Promoted Prostate Carcinogenesis in Rats
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Maarten C. Bosland, Michael J. Schlicht, Yibin Deng, Junxuan Lü
There were no differences among the MSeA, MSeC, and control groups in the incidences of adenocarcinomas and lesions classified as carcinomas in situ and no shifts in the size of carcinomas in the dorsolateral and anterior prostate (Table 4). There were only a few carcinomas that occurred in the seminal vesicles of animals without any prostate lesions and the incidence of these tumors was also not different among the three groups (Table 4). There were no differences in the incidence of prostate cancer pulmonary and/or abdominal metastases, which ranged from 17 to 20%. Zymbal gland tumors were the most common other neoplasms observed, ranging in incidence from 19 to 30% with no significant differences between the three groups. There were very few tumors in other organs or tissues and no significant differences in their incidences among the three groups (lymphoma, 3–6% incidence; abdominal and thoracic neurogenic or undifferentiated sarcomas, 0–10% incidence; benign skin tumors, 0–6% incidence), and one preputial gland sebaceous-squamous cell carcinoma and one spleen hemangioma).
Lefamulin: a promising new pleuromutilin antibiotic in the pipeline
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2019
Caroline Dillon, Anthony J. Guarascio, Jordan R. Covvey
An additional study was conducted observing the penetration of lefamulin in the urogenital tract, to determine potential efficacy for sexually transmitted infection (STIs) [38]. A single 30 mg/kg IV dose of [14C] lefamulin was administered to three male and three female rats [38]. Evaluation of tissue distribution through quantitative whole-body autoradiograph was conducted at 0.5, 6, and 24 h post-dose to evaluate progression of drug penetration [38]. In male rats, high concentrations of lefamulin were noted in the bulbourethral and preputial glands as well as the urethra [38]. Concentrations were found to be higher in the epithelium and mucosa of the seminal vesicles and prostate gland as opposed to the lumen [38]. In female rats, lefamulin concentrations were notable in the uterus, urethra and clitoral glands [38]. The endometrium of the uterus demonstrated higher concentrations than the rest of the uterus; however lefamulin concentrations were similar throughout the vagina [38]. In both the male and female rats, distribution was rapid with the highest concentrations being recorded at 0.5 h post dose, and concentrations in many urogenital tissues were similar to concentrations found in the lung [38]. Data from this study supports further interest in lefamulin as a potential treatment for STIs [38].
Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of mirogabalin, a novel α2δ ligand, in rats and monkeys
Published in Xenobiotica, 2022
Naotoshi Yamamura, Minoru Uchiyama, Makoto Takahashi, Tomoyo Honda, Yumi Nishiya
Radioactivity had almost disappeared from the body at 24 h after oral administration, although enough radioactivity to distribute well in the body had been administered to the rats. The only tissues observed to exhibit radioactivity at 24 h after the dose were the gastrointestinal tract, urine, the nasal cavity, and preputial gland. Quantification of radioactivity in tissues at 0.5 and 8 h by the whole-body radioluminograms are shown in Table 6. Radioactivity was distributed to a small extent in the cerebellum, cerebrum, fat, and bone. The concentration of radioactivity in the liver, except the gastrointestinal tract, was clearly higher than that in the blood. The concentration of radioactivity in other organs was similar to that in the blood.