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Anatomy of the head and neck
Published in Helen Whitwell, Christopher Milroy, Daniel du Plessis, Forensic Neuropathology, 2021
The hard palate forms the anterior component of the roof of the oral cavity, with its cavity filled by the resting tongue when it is at rest and formed by the palatine processes of the maxillae and the horizontal plates of the palatine bones. The incisive fossa and the greater and lesser palatine foramina open on the oral aspect of the hard palate.
Clefts and craniofacial
Published in Tor Wo Chiu, Stone’s Plastic Surgery Facts, 2018
Secondary palate consists of the hard palate behind the incisive foramen and soft palate, and clefts represent failure of the lateral palatine processes to fuse with each other and the nasal septum/vomer.
Anatomy and Embryology of the Mouth and Dentition
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford, Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
The skeleton of the hard palate is formed by the palatine processes of the maxillae and the horizontal plates of the palatine bones. The oral mucosa is bound tightly to the underlying periosteum. In its more lateral regions it also possesses a submucosa where the main neurovascular bundles lie (Figure 41.1).
Effect of the Prenatal Exposure of Khat on the Skeleton of Developing Rabbit Embryo: Morphometric and Gross Anatomical Study
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2022
Sanaa El Nahla, Aref Abdul-Mughni, Amina Dessouki, Said Hassan
The rostral fontenelles were still open in all treated groups. The caudal fontenelle was still open in one fetus in the medium (about 17%) and one fetus (about 17%) in the high dose treated groups (Figure 2) and Table 1. One fetus (about 17%) in the low dose group also showed incomplete fusion of the palatine process of maxilla (Figure 3 and Table 2).
Three-dimensional finite element analysis of initial displacement and stress on the craniofacial structures of unilateral cleft lip and palate model during protraction therapy with variable forces and directions
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2020
Shahistha Parveen, Akhter Husain, Srinivas Gosla Reddy, Rohan Mascarenhas, Satish Shenoy
Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is one of the most common birth deformities which results from the failure of fusion of the maxillary and palatine processes (Cobourne 2004). Cleft can involve both lip and palate, either lip or palate. Based on the type and site of involvement, it can be classified as complete or incomplete, unilateral or bilateral.
Leprosy in skulls from the Paris Catacombs
Published in Annals of Human Biology, 2020
Patrícia D. Deps, Simon M. Collin, Sylvie Robin, Philippe Charlier
The third-stage criteria for identifying leprosy were based on those for RMS as defined by Andersen and Manchester (1992). These require seven characteristic changes to the skull, scored by severity of alteration to/absence of cranial features, comprising: (i) Anterior nasal spine, resorption and ultimate loss with exposure of medullary bone followed, possibly, by cortical remodelling; (ii) Alveolar processes of maxilla, bilateral and symmetrical resorption and recession commencing centrally at the prosthion and extending to the alveolae of the central and lateral incisors and canines, with loss of these teeth; (iii) Palatine process of maxilla nasal surface, inflammatory change of the nasal surface leading to localised bone destruction, and ultimate perforation of the palate, usually in the median or paramedian position; (iv) Palatine process of maxilla oral surface, inflammatory change of the oral surface of the palatine process of maxilla leading to localised bone destruction and ultimate perforation; (v) Conchae (turbinate bones) and nasal septum, inflammatory pitting with or without slight irregular periosteal new bone formation or destruction and ultimate loss of the bony nasal septum, and loss of one or more conchae; (vi) Nasal aperture, progressive smooth resorption with recession of the normally sharp basal and lateral margins of the nasal aperture, inferiorly; (vii) Posterior alveolar margins of the maxilla, resorption in the region of the molar teeth, commencing at the 3rd molars. The simpler Möller-Christensen criteria (Moller-Christensen 1961) require only changes to the orbital bones, alveolar process of maxilla and nasal aperture. We classified skulls as having “probable” signs of leprosy if they had resorption of the anterior nasal spine (i), resorption of the alveolar processes of maxilla (ii), and an enlarged nasal (pyriform) aperture (vi), and as having “possible” signs of leprosy if they met one of these three RMS criteria. The third stage of examination was conducted by two investigators (PDD and PC). Data were transferred from paper forms to an Excel spreadsheet and then to Stata (StataCorp. 2017. Stata Statistical Software: Release 15. College Station, TX: StataCorp LLC) for analysis. Permission to examine the remains was granted by the curator of the Catacombes de Paris (Mairie de Paris). All remains were re-interred in the 18–19th centuries and none of those examined had documented identities or familial provenance.