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Trunk Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Rowan Sherwood
Internal oblique can vary in its costal attachments, and the inguinal or anterior superior part of this muscle may be absent (Macalister 1875; Mori 1964; Rickenbacher et al. 1985; Bergman et al. 1988). A fibrous band that is a tendinous connection between internal oblique and the internal intercostal muscles often “interrupts” the muscle, typically opposite the tenth or eleventh rib, but it can also be present opposite the eighth or twelfth rib (Macalister 1875; Knott 1883b; Bergman et al. 1988). The internal oblique muscle fascia may also be connected to the fascia of the external oblique (Tekelioglu et al. 2015).
The Frankfurt technique of macular translocation
Published in A Peyman MD Gholam, A Meffert MD Stephen, D Conway MD FACS Mandi, Chiasson Trisha, Vitreoretinal Surgical Techniques, 2019
Claus Eckardt, Tillmann Eckert, Ute Eckardt
After the circular opening of the conjunctiva and exposure of the superior rectus and superior oblique muscles, an 8–10 mm tuck is made by folding over a spatula. A nasal muscle strip of the superior rectus is prepared and brought under the superior rectus and attached to the superior insertion of the lateral rectus muscle with a double 6-0 Vicryl suture. The lateral rectus muscle is exposed; the 8–10 mm inferior oblique muscle is recessed according to the Fink method. The inferior oblique muscle is exposed. A temporal muscle strip is prepared; it is crossed under the residual rectus and reattached to the inferior insertion of the medial rectus muscle with a double-armed 6-0 Vicryl suture.
Blepharoplasty
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford, Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
Diplopia is a rare complication following lower eyelid blepharoplasty. This is usually due to surgical trauma to the inferior oblique muscle. A good knowledge of anatomy, a meticulous surgical dissection and an avoidance of the excessive use of cautery should prevent such a complication. A permanent ocular motility disturbance caused by blepharoplasty is much rarer than a pre-existing phoria, which may decompensate following surgery. For this reason it is imperative to perform a detailed pre-operative ophthalmic examination in order to diagnose the problem and to protect the surgeon from unfair blame.
Normative orbital measurements in an Australian cohort on computed tomography
Published in Orbit, 2023
Khizar Rana, Valerie Juniat, Wen Yong, Sandy Patel, Dinesh Selva
The superior oblique muscle was measured on a coronal plane perpendicular to the muscle belly. The inferior oblique was measured on a coronal plane and a quasi-sagittal plane parallel to the orbital axis, below the centre of the inferior rectus tendon. Similarly, by using high-resolution CT orbit studies, we were able to reconstruct the quasi-sagittal plane and measure the inferior oblique muscle under the centre of the inferior rectus tendon. Previous MRI studies measuring the inferior oblique muscle have used quasi-sagittal sequences with a higher 2–3 mm slice thickness.16,17 A 2–3 mm slice thickness would make standardisation of the slice under the inferior rectus tendon less reliable. Additionally, dedicated quasi-sagittal MRI sequences are not widely available and are limited to specific indications.18
Effects of diagonally aligned sitting training with a tilted surface on sitting balance for low sitting performance in the early phase after stroke: a randomised controlled trial
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2021
Kazuhiro Fukata, Kazu Amimoto, Masahide Inoue, Daisuke Sekine, Mamiko Inoue, Yuji Fujino, Shigeru Makita, Hidetoshi Takahashi
Masani et al. [21] investigated postural reactions of the trunk muscles of healthy subjects to multidirectional perturbations when sitting. When the trunk was inclined diagonally forward to the right side, the activity of the erector spine muscle and abdominal oblique muscles of the left side were enhanced, while only the spine muscle or only the left oblique muscle was activated when the trunk was inclined forward or to the right, respectively. Thus, the diagonal inclination task promotes the activity of both the spine and abdominal muscles on the most affected side, so it is possible that training in a diagonal direction affects the trunk muscles more than forward- or lateral-direction tasks alone. In addition, Fujino et al. [17] recently found that repetitive lateral sitting training toward the least affected side, using a platform tilted toward the most affected side, improved trunk performance. Training also influenced the head angle and body axis when moving to the least affected side while sitting compared with sitting on a horizontal plane. Thus, movement in the opposite direction to the tilted surface influence the postural orientation.
Inferior oblique muscle belly transposition and myopexy for diplopia
Published in Strabismus, 2021
Pilar Merino-Sanz, Amanda Chapinal, Pilar Gómez de Liaño Sánchez, Fabio Zavarse Fadul
The purpose of this technique is to correct deviation in primary gaze position and mild or moderate upshoot in adduction. The surgical effect is greater or weaker depending on the point at which the muscle is sutured to the sclera.1 The limited literature published has demonstrated that inferior oblique muscle fixation to sclera 5 mm posterior to the temporal pole of the inferior rectus can correct small-angle hypertropia <5 pd in straight gaze and mild-to-moderate upshoot in adduction. This technique creates a new muscle insertion diminishing the contact arch of the muscle as it does for the posterior fixation of a rectus muscle or as a recession-resection, producing minimal effect in the primary position but reducing muscle function in its specific gaze. Leaving the origin and the insertion intact, a transposition will make the muscle tighter. That it still works, could be caused by a different direction of pull of the muscle and by the trauma to the muscle, caused by the myopexia and because the part of the inferior oblique muscle that courses over the globe, has been fixed to the globe in an extended position. The functional origin of the inferior oblique muscle is near the temporal border of the inferior rectus where this muscle becomes attached by its sheath to the suspensory Lockwood ligament.9–11