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Ovarian Masses
Published in S Paige Hertweck, Maggie L Dwiggins, Clinical Protocols in Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 2022
Dana Elborno, Sari Kives, S. Paige Hertweck
Physical examLook for stigmata of Peutz-Jeghers syndromeMelanocytic macules especially periorallySigns of enchondromatosis/Ollier disease – Can be associated with SCSTHamartomatous proliferation of cartilage in metaphysis commonly in hands/feetCausing distorted growth in length and pathologic fractures
Classical metaphyseal lesions (CMLs)
Published in Amaka C Offiah, Christine M Hall, Radiological Atlas of Child Abuse, 2018
Amaka C Offiah, Christine M Hall
CMLs are seen in infants at the ends of the long bones, immediately adjacent to the growth plate (physis). Histologically, a thin transverse plate of bone is detached from the adjacent metaphysis. Radiologically, this is seen as a circumferential rim because of the relatively thicker metaphyseal ‘cuff’, rather than as a plate of bone. Depending on the position of the limb in relation to the X-ray beam, the metaphyseal fracture may be given various descriptive terms relating to the radiographic appearance. It may be referred to as ‘bucket-handle’ when a rim of part of the circumference of the metaphyseal fracture is seen lifted from the adjacent metaphysis. Alternatively it may be described as ‘corner-fracture’ when the rim is seen more tangentially. These descriptions both refer to CMLs and the same fracture may appear as ‘bucket-handle’ or ‘corner fracture’ depending on the radiographic projection and the angle of the X-ray beam. The most common sites of involvement are the knees, wrists and ankles, but any metaphysis may be injured.
Metabolic and endocrine bone disorders
Published in Ashley W. Blom, David Warwick, Michael R. Whitehouse, Apley and Solomon’s System of Orthopaedics and Trauma, 2017
Soon after birth secondary ossification centres begin to appear in the still cartilaginous ends of the tubular bones, a process that will occur during childhood in all the endochondral bones (bones formed in cartilage). By then each bone end is defined as an epiphysis, the growth plate between the epiphysis and the rest of the bone as the physis, the adjacent end of the long bone the metaphysis, and the shaft as the diaphysis.
Classification and management strategies for paediatric chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis and chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2023
Shabnam Singhal, Caren Landes, Rajeev Shukla, Liza J McCann, Christian M Hedrich
Imaging of bone lesions, their distribution, and complications are among the most important tools to diagnose and monitor CNO/CRMO. Examples of pathological changes on imaging can be seen in Figure 5 and are summarized in Table 3. Whole-body (WB)-MRI has become the gold-standard for both diagnosis and monitoring of treatment response. Bone scintigraphy has been superseded by MRI but may be considered as an alternative where WB-MRI or serial MRI imaging is unavailable or contraindicated for safety reasons. MRI is preferred because it does not involve ionizing radiation, allows assessment of bone marrow and soft tissues and has greater sensitivity at detecting the overall number of lesions compared to x-rays and bone scintigraphy [10,79,80]. The metaphyses show physiologically increased uptake on bone scintigraphy making identification of pathology at these sites very difficult and MRI has been shown to be superior in detecting metaphyseal lesions [79–81].
Effect of resistance training combined with β-glucan ingestion on bone of ovariectomized mice
Published in Climacteric, 2022
D. A. Galdino-Alves, G. J. de Sá Pereira, N. de Oliveira Bertolini, R. D. Ferreira, M. de Souza Santos, B. R. Barrioni, M. de Magalhães Pereira, E. F. Andrade, B. Del Bianco-Borges, L. J. Pereira
Serial sections of approximately 5 µm were executed on the distal metaphysis area (1 mm from the epiphyseal plate). Subsequently, cuts were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for analysis by light microscopy. The images of the histological sections were captured by a camera (SC30 CMOS Color Camera for Light Microscopy; Olympus Optical do Brasil Ltda, São Paulo, Brazil) attached to the Olympus CX31 binocular microscope (Olympus Optical do Brasil Ltda). All images were captured in the 40× objective. The measurements were performed using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). For histomorphometric analysis, three sections of each sample were selected. The images were subjected to histometric analysis. To calculate the number of osteocytes per area, images were examined using a field grid. The mean number of osteocytes in each sample was then calculated [18].
Bioavailability of Calcium from Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) in Ovariectomized Rats Fed a High Fat Diet
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2021
Marcella Duarte Villas Mishima, Bárbara Pereira da Silva, Renata Celi Lopes Toledo, Neuza Maria Brunoro Costa, Hércia Stampini Duarte Martino
Cross-sectional bone morphology of each femur was assessed using microCT (SkyScan1174 microCT scanner) available in the Microscopy and Microanalysis Nucleus of the Federal University of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, according to the method of Bouxsein et al. (31). The volume of interest for micro-CT scanning is 2.5 mm. The power settings used were 200uA/50 kEv, with an exposure time of 1200 ms and a 0.5 mm aluminum filter was applied. The reconstructions of the acquired projections resulted in images with spatial resolution of 22.40 μm. The bone regions were cut according to area of interest and were analyzed separately. The data were segmented into binary images using an intermediate threshold between the bone and background grayscale values. A threshold value based on the histogram of volume was used which selected 60% of the brightest pixels. This value discriminated the cortical bone from the trabecular bone and bone marrow, and the value was kept consistent for all specimens. Trabecular bone analysis of the femur was performed in the region of the distal femoral metaphysis extending toward the mid diaphysis.