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Cranial Neuropathies I, V, and VII–XII
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Numb chin syndrome is usually seen in patients with systemic malignancy (lymphoreticular neoplasms, breast, lung, prostate, colon, and thyroid cancer), but may be seen with noncancerous etiologies including dental procedures, dental infection, connective tissue disease, or trauma. The mental nerve is a branch of the inferior alveolar nerve, which arises from V3. It exits through the mental foramen and supplies sensation to the chin and lower lip. The nerve may be compressed by a metastasis to bone at the mental foramen or along its course; it may also be infiltrated by tumor. Sensory loss extending beyond the chin and lower lip may indicate a more proximal V3 lesion or leptomeningeal involvement. Evaluation should include MRI of the brain with contrast with special attention to the trigeminal nerve and its branches, dedicated MRI of the mandible if brain MRI is nonrevealing, and CSF examination.15,28
The lower third of the face
Published in Jani van Loghem, Calcium Hydroxylapatite Soft Tissue Fillers, 2020
Areas of caution are the mental artery and vein and the mental nerve. The mental foramen is located in the midpupillary line just under the first premolar. The facial artery remains at the posterior border of the DAO muscle [5] (Figure 16.2).
Complications of Absorbable Fillers
Published in Ali Pirayesh, Dario Bertossi, Izolda Heydenrych, Aesthetic Facial Anatomy Essentials for Injections, 2020
Maurizio Cavallini, Gloria Trocchi, Izolda Heydenrych, Koenraad De Boulle, Benoit Hendrickx, Ali Pirayesh
This zone contains the mental nerve which carries sensory innervation to the ipsilateral chin and lower lip and is a branch of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve. The mental nerve exits the mental foramen, which is located at the midpoint of the body of the mandible, in line with the second lower premolar. The mental foramen lies on a sagittal line drawn through the mid-limbus of the pupil, the supraorbital, and the infraorbital foramen.
The effect of shock waves on mineralization and regeneration of distraction zone in osteoporotic rabbits
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Enes Özkan, Erman Şenel, Mehmet Cihan Bereket, Mehmet Emin Önger
The test animals were not fed the day before the procedure. The subjects to be operated on were randomly selected without knowing which group they belonged to. For general anaesthesia, 50 mg/kg ketamine HCL and 8 mg/kg xylazine HCL were administered intramuscularly to all animals. Local anaesthesia with 0.5 ml of articaine containing 1:200000 epinephrine was applied to the surgical area. After shaving the left mandible of the rabbits and providing aseptic conditions with povidone iodine, a 3 cm long linear incision was made at the inferior border of the left mandible. A full-thickness flap was elevated. The osteotomy line was performed along the premolar tooth and the mental foramen. Before the osteotomy was performed, a custom-made titanium distractor that could be lengthened by 10 mm was positioned parallel to the lower border of the mandible with six titanium mini-screws (Figure 3). Then, the bone osteotomy was performed with the help of fissure burs and osteotomes under sterile saline irrigation and taking care to avoid mental nerve damage. The incision area was closed in layers with 4/0 polyglactin 910 sutures. After the latency period, the distraction protocol was applied for ten days with a distraction rate of 0.35 mm/12 h.
Oral mucosa grafting in periorbital reconstruction
Published in Orbit, 2018
Sensory innervation is delivered by the mental nerve, a terminal branch of the inferior alveolar nerve arising from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CNV3). The mental nerve leaves the mandible via the mental foramen located between the first and second premolar teeth.74,75 The harvesting surgeon must be aware of the risk of lower lip paraesthesia due to the close proximity of the labial mucosa graft harvest site to the mental foramen. The initial incision should be placed medial to the middle of the canines to avoid mental nerve injury. In addition, the surgeon should keep at least a 1–1.5 cm margin away from the lip vermillion to prevent lip contracture and inversion from post-operative scarring.79 Moreover, injury to the orbicularis oris muscle may limit mobility of the lips and impair smiling. Damage to the masticatory mucosa may predispose to periodontal defects if the labial mucosal graft is harvested outside the vestibule vertically near the teeth.74
3D CBCT morphometric assessment of mental foramen in Arabic population and global comparison: imperative for invasive and non-invasive procedures in mandible
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2018
Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Selham Alhabib, Bader K. Alzarea, Muhammad Irshad, Saif Faruqi, Mohd G. Sghaireen, Santosh Patil, Rehana Basri
Mental foramen (MF) transmits the mental vessels and nerve that provide blood supply and sensory innervation to the chin, lower lip and gingiva on the ipsilateral side of the mandible [1]. Knowledge of accurate position of MF is very important for any invasive and non-invasive procedure near MF area [2]. During implant placement, periapical surgery and orthognathic surgery, mental nerves and vessels can be traumatized. Recently, implant technique and frequency of orthognathic surgery has increased the chances of surgical procedures near MF area [3], as well as injury to the mental bundle [4]. As a result, it can cause temporary or permanent sensorial, tactile or thermal impairment [4,5].