China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Head and Neck Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Warrenkevin Henderson, Hannah Jacobson, Noelle Purcell, Kylar Wiltz
Macalister (1875) notes that the muscles of mastication have few variations aside from individual variations in size. Connections between the muscles of mastication may occur and reflect these muscles’ shared origin from the same muscular mass (Bergman et al. 1988). For example, the medial pterygoid may send a slip to the masseter (Bergman et al. 1988; Watanabe 2016). It may also give origin to styloglossus or send a slip to tensor veli palatini (Macalister 1875; Bergman et al. 1988; Watanabe 2016). The medial pterygoid may originate in part from the pterygoid fossa or the lateral surface of the medial pterygoid plate (Bhojwani et al. 2017).
Paper 3
Published in Amanda Rabone, Benedict Thomson, Nicky Dineen, Vincent Helyar, Aidan Shaw, The Final FRCR, 2020
Amanda Rabone, Benedict Thomson, Nicky Dineen, Vincent Helyar, Aidan Shaw
Juvenile angiofibromas are benign lesions which typically present with epistaxis in adolescent males. Characteristic imaging findings include widening of the pterygopalatine fossa, erosion of the medial pterygoid plate and anterior bowing of the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus. They can spread through the skull base and typically enhance homogenously and avidly. Biopsy is contraindicated due to their high vascularity. Preoperative embolisation can be helpful prior to surgical management. These lesions are most commonly supplied by the internal maxillary artery, a branch of the external carotid artery.
Anatomy and Embryology of the Mouth and Dentition
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford, Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
The soft palate is a mobile flap suspended from the back of the hard palate, sloping down between the oral and nasal parts of the pharynx (Figure 41.2). The boundary between the hard and soft palate may be distinguished by a change in colour, the soft palate being a darker red with a yellowish tint. In its relaxed and pendant position, its anterior (oral) surface is concave, with a median raphe. Its posterior aspect is convex and continuous with the nasal floor. A median conical process, the uvula, projects downwards from its posterior border. Just behind and medial to each upper alveolar process, in the lateral region of the anterior part of the soft palate, a small bony prominence can be felt. This is produced by the pterygoid hamulus, an extension of the medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone.
Spatial and temporal changes of midface in Apert’s syndrome
Published in Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2019
Xiaona Lu, Antonio Jorge Forte, Rajendra Sawh-Martinez, Robin Wu, Raysa Cabrejo, Alexander Wilson, Derek M. Steinbacher, Michael Alperovich, Nivaldo Alonso, John A. Persing
Additionally, as the base of zygoma, and the maxilla contribute to remarkably shorten the anteroposterior maxillary length. We confirmed in this study, this by measuring a decreased distance between anterior nasal spine and medial pterygoid plate (ANS-PP). The normal angle defined by nasion, sella, and pterygoid plates indicates the pterygoid plates are not involved in the posterior and superior rotation of the sphenoid, or the descent of the posterior part of maxilla offset this effect [21]. The anteroposterior length of sphenoid is reduced, which results in the positional retrusion of maxilla. Therefore, the retrusion of maxilla is likely caused by both the anteroposteriorly shortened maxillary length and positional retrusion.
Iatrogenic immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorder in a child with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Published in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2019
Sanam Shahid, Christopher Rossi, Pranav Vyas, Catherine Bollard, Hema Dave
The patient’s maintenance course was complicated by frequent viral URIs and low IgG levels (394–515 mg/dL), thus he began intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) replacement to keep IgG levels >500 mg/dL in October 2016. Due to persistent severe sinus congestion despite initial treatment with monthly IVIG in addition to a third generation cephalosporin (cefdinir for 21 days), a CT scan was performed, which showed pan-sinusitis with a heterogeneous fluid collection within the left greater than the right maxillary, sphenoid, and left frontal sinuses and complete opacification of the ethmoid sinuses bilaterally. Abnormal tissue occupied the anterior sphenoid sinus and posterior nasal cavity, associated with localized bony erosive change of the posterior nasal septum, anterior sphenoid sinus wall, intrasphenoid bony septum, and left medial pterygoid plate. Abnormal tissue extended into the pterygomaxillary fissures bilaterally. He underwent sinus endoscopy that showed completely obstructed nasopharynx filled with necrotic debris in addition to bilateral ear tube placement and adenoidectomy. Biopsy of the mass showed extensive necrosis and atypical polymorphic B lymphoid infiltrate with plasmacytic differentiation (Fig 1A, Panels A and B), CD20+, dim positive for CD30 (Fig 1A, Panel C), and negative for CD10, CD15, CD56 and TdT. EBV encoded small RNAs via in situ hybridization (EBER-ISH) was positive in all the atypical cells (Fig 1A, Panel D). Molecular studies using PCR showed B cell clonality but given the extensive necrosis, it was not possible to establish whether it was monoclonal or polyclonal. This was consistent with an EBV-positive lymphoproliferative disorder resembling polymorphic PTLD.