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Benign Lymph Node Lesions
Published in Harold R. Schumacher, William A. Rock, Sanford A. Stass, Handbook of Hematologic Pathology, 2019
The late immunologic response is characterized histologically by the development of distinct secondary germinal centers (Fig. 4). It is only 15 or 20 days following stimulation of lymph nodes that secondary germinal center formation becomes dominant. Lymph nodes already containing secondary reactive germinal centers will respond to an antigenic stimulus by the outcropping of immunoblasts in the mantle zone.
Embryology of the Spinal Cord, Peripheral Nerves, and Vertebrae
Published in Bernard J. Dalens, Jean-Pierre Monnet, Yves Harmand, Pediatric Regional Anesthesia, 2019
Bernard J. Dalens, Jean-Pierre Monnet, Yves Harmand
At this stage, the meninges develop from the paraxial mesoderm, and three fundamental zones may be identified within the neural tube (Figure 1.10): The ependymal zone, next to the central canalThe mantle zone, outside the ependymal zone, in which neuroblasts and neuroglia can be identifiedThe marginal zone, formed mainly by growing nerve fibers (cells are scarce)
The Lymphoid System
Published in Pritam S. Sahota, James A. Popp, Jerry F. Hardisty, Chirukandath Gopinath, Page R. Bouchard, Toxicologic Pathology, 2018
Three components of the splenic white matter that may be confusing when comparing species include the mantle zone or corona, the marginal sinus, and the MZ. The mantle zone is a ring of darkly staining small lymphocytes that surround the germinal centers of secondary follicles in dogs, nonhuman primates, and humans (Sternberg 1997), whereas in the rat the mantle zone is poorly identifiable or lacking, and as a result is often not mentioned in the rodent literature (Figure 16.6a). In those species that have one, the mantle zone is then surrounded by the medium-sized lymphocytes of the MZ (Figure 16.6c). In rats, the follicle is separated from the MZ by a distinct marginal sinus. A marginal sinus is not visible in humans, mice, dogs, or nonhuman primates by standard microscopy (Cesta 2006b; Han et al. 1997). In contrast to nomenclature for rodents, the term MZ is used in man to describe a specific and unique splenic structure that is always around small IgD+ and IgM+ lymphocytes of the mantle zone secondary or primary follicles (Han et al. 1997). In addition, the T-cell areas of man are not as regularly arranged around arterioles as they are in rodents, but are instead irregular areas containing small, polymorphic T-helper/inducer lymphocytes.
Automated Analysis of PD1 and PDL1 Expression in Lymph Nodes and the Microenvironment of Transmissible Tumors in Tasmanian Devils
Published in Immunological Investigations, 2023
Grace G. Russell, Chiara Palmieri, Jocelyn Darby, Gary P. Morris, Nicholas M. Fountain-Jones, Ruth J. Pye, Andrew S. Flies
Thirteen lymph node sections were analyzed (4 healthy, 5 DFT1, 4 DFT2) and the density of positively labelled cells (cells/mm2) was compared between the three groups. Lymph node features including lymphatic follicles containing a germinal center and mantle zone, paracortex, and medulla were observed in all lymph nodes obtained from healthy, DFT1-, and DFT2-infected animals. The lymph nodes from healthy captive devils TD1296, TD1297 and TD1299 contained 9, 2, and 6 secondary follicles, respectively (Figure 4, S3). In comparison to the lymph node from TD608, the wild devil killed on the road but with no signs of DFT1 or DFT2, contained 39 secondary follicles. The average number of secondary follicles present in devils infected with DFT1 and DFT2 were 90 (range 20–147) and 78 (range 23–216), respectively (Table S2). A Kruskal-Wallis test demonstrated no significant difference (Kruskal-Wallis statistic = 4.711, p = .0324) between the number of secondary lymphatic follicles between the healthy, DFT1, and DFT2 cohorts (Figure S3).
Simultaneous presentation of orbital mantle cell lymphoma and endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma
Published in Orbit, 2022
Darsh S. Shah, Natalie A. Homer, Aliza Epstein, Vikram D. Durairaj
Mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL) constitutes a rare and aggressive form of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma that originates in the peripheral B-cells of the inner mantle zone of the lymph node. It is generally a disease of older individuals with a higher incidence in males.1 MCL is often associated with a t(11;14)(q13;q32) chromosomal translocation, which results in the upregulation of proto-oncogene B and its protein product Cyclin D-1.9,10 The most commonly affected sites of ocular adnexal involvement are the orbit (71%) and eyelids (64%).11 Clinically, patients who have an MCL in the ocular adnexa may present with proptosis, diplopia, conjunctival injection and irritation, or ptosis.12 Confirmatory immunohistochemical markers of ocular and nodal MCL include positive staining for B-cell-associated antigens CD20, CD22, CD29, and the T-cell-associated antigen CD5, with the absence of CD23, CD10, and BCL-6 expression.13 Additionally, Cyclin D-1 is expressed in 80–90% of MCLs and is typically absent in other B-cell lymphomas, including MALT-type orbital lymphoma. Morphologically, MCL is composed of small-to-medium-sized lymphocytes with irregularly shaped nuclei and minute or absent nucleoli.14 The morphological characteristics and immunohistochemical markers of our patient’s orbital lesion are consistent with those classically seen in MCL.
Chemokine receptor CXCR4: An important player affecting the molecular-targeted drugs commonly used in hematological malignancies
Published in Expert Review of Hematology, 2020
Liangliang Li, Ye Chai, ChongYang Wu, Li Zhao
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a relatively uncommon heterogeneous B-cell lymphoma originating from the lymph node mantle zone, constituting approximately 5% of all B-cell lymphomas, and it has a broad spectrum of clinical behavior from indolent to highly aggressive cases. A small proportion of patients may present with clinical characteristics of indolent lymphoma. However, for most patients, extranodal invasion in peripheral blood, lymph nodes, and bone marrow is common. Traditional treatment methods are limited and the prognosis is poor [20]. Currently applied molecular-targeted drugs such as CD20 monoclonal antibodies, proteasome inhibitors, and BTK inhibitors are candidates for further improved treatment in MCL. Among these, the proteasome inhibitor Bz was initially approved for use in relapsed MCL. In the LYM-3002 trial in 2015, a Bz-based chemotherapy (Bz, rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone) regimen showed significantly progression-free survival compared with the R-CHOP regimen in MCL, so from then on, Bz was licensed for first-line use in MCL [21,22].