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General Thermography
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
Except for the prostate gland and seminal vesicles, which are too deep in the pelvis to significantly affect the overlying skin temperature, the male genitalia are easily observed with thermography. In normal subjects, the testicles should be about the same size on each side of the scrotum and of almost equal temperature. Scrotal temperature should be less than the inguinal skin temperature. The left testicle usually hangs lower when the cremasteric muscles are relaxed because the left spermatic cord is longer.180 Thermographic cooling protocols may cause testicular retraction via the cremasteric muscle reflex. The glans penis is generally cooler than the penile shaft, though this may be partially obscured by a warm foreskin (Figure 10.71). The skin over the penis and scrotum is normally quite thin and has almost no subdermal fat, so it readily shows thermal anomalies.
Penile augmentation
Published in Jani van Loghem, Calcium Hydroxylapatite Soft Tissue Fillers, 2020
Patients often express a desire to increase the size of their penis. Some are insecure about how they are perceived by other men (locker room syndrome) or by their partner [1,2]. Some simply want to be larger. Until recently, the treatment options were limited to traction devices and surgery. Now, there are effective nonsurgical options to enhance the male genitalia. These options include platelet-rich plasma (PRP) intracavernosal injection and dermal filler augmentation. CaHA, specifically will be addressed.
“The Most Unkindest Cut of All” 2
Published in Paul Ian Steinberg, Psychoanalysis in Medicine, 2020
Little is written on how personality pathology of surgical patients interacts with the possible meanings to patients of surgery, increasing the likelihood of psychiatric complications. The psychoanalytic literature abounds with references to castration anxiety (Freud, 1957) and the Oedipus complex. There could be no more fertile ground for speculation on these subjects than the area of surgical procedures on male genitalia, which in fantasy, and sometimes in fact, involve castration or excision of a portion of the genitals. I concentrate on considerations of the patients’ interpersonal relationships and capacity to form attachments (Bowlby, 1969).
Genetic variations as molecular diagnostic factors for idiopathic male infertility: current knowledge and future perspectives
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2021
Mohammad Karimian, Leila Parvaresh, Mohaddeseh Behjati
Inflammation of male genitalia is another cause of male infertility. Cytokines play an important role in inflammation, maintenance of immune environment, and other homeostatic functions of testis [12]. One of the most important cytokine gene families involved in male reproduction is interleukin-1 (IL-1), in which its genetic polymorphism could increase the risk of male infertility [13]. Until now, various investigations have been performed which demonstrated the association between genetic polymorphism of various genes and enhanced susceptibility to male infertility. Thus, the aim of this study was to review the role of essential genetic polymorphisms involved in male infertility and their possible pathophysiologic mechanisms. For this purpose, in a literature review, we found related articles in reputable databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, using keywords such as ‘male infertility,’ ‘spermatogenesis,’ ‘male reproductive system,’ ‘genetic polymorphism,’ ‘SNP,’ and ‘genetic variation,’ and then categorized and interpreted their information.
Sexual behavior and sexual health of transgender women and men before treatment: Similarities and differences
Published in International Journal of Transgender Health, 2021
María Dolores Gil-Llario, Beatriz Gil-Juliá, Cristina Giménez-García, Trinidad Bergero-Miguel, Rafael Ballester-Arnal
However, the most frequent sexual practice in the group of trans women was penetration. In this regard, there were significant differences between the two groups in having penetrative sex (insertive and receptive; using genitals and also sexual toys) (χ2=30.08; p=.000); 84.9% of trans women did so, compared to 73.4% of trans men. The onset of sexual relations was also earlier in trans women, with a mean age of 17.3 years, compared to 19.5 in trans men (t=-3.18; p=.002). It should be noted, however, that 61% of trans men had not been penetrated now or at first relationship. The group of trans women had practically never penetrated in their first relationship (only 4.1% did so) or currently (3.3%). That is, transgender women were usually penetrated (91.1% in their first relationship and 89.2% at present), which means they had relations with cisgender men, women and/or trans men using sexual toys. In conclusion, the group of people born with male genitalia mostly had relations in which they were penetrated by men/or by a sexual toy, whereas the group of people born with female genitalia mostly did not penetrate and were not penetrated.
Surgical outcomes of testicular prostheses implantation in transgender men with a history of prosthesis extrusion or infection
Published in International Journal of Transgender Health, 2021
Catherine M. Legemate, Freek P. W. de Rooij, Mark-Bram Bouman, Garry L. Pigot, Wouter B. van der Sluis
Beyond phallic reconstruction (i.e. metaidoioplasty or phalloplasty), surgical construction of a neoscrotum (scrotoplasty) is an important component of creating male genitalia. Scrotoplasty can be performed in multiple ways, including use of pedicled skin flaps, myocutaneous flaps, free flaps, perineal advancement flaps, and labia majora skin flaps (DiGeronimo, 1982; Gilbert et al., 1988; Hage, 1996; Hage et al., 1993; Selvaggi et al., 2009; Sengezer & Sadove, 1993). Testicular prostheses may be used to augment the neoscrotum. Commonly reported issues associated with testicular implants in transgender men include explantation, due to infection or extrusion, and dislocation, for which relocalization is required (Pigot et al., 2019). In current literature, explantation rates range from 0.6 to 30% (Djordjevic & Bizic, 2013; Hage & van Turnhout, 2006; Kuehhas et al., 2015; Noe et al., 1978; Pigot et al., 2019; Schaff & Papadopulos, 2009; Stojanovic et al., 2017). After explantation, individuals may choose for reimplantation of a new prosthesis to achieve their desired result. It is unknown how many opt for reimplantation and clinical outcomes after explantation are lacking in current literature.