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Routine and Special Techniques in Toxicologic Pathology
Published in Pritam S. Sahota, James A. Popp, Jerry F. Hardisty, Chirukandath Gopinath, Page R. Bouchard, Toxicologic Pathology, 2018
Daniel J. Patrick, Matthew L. Renninger, Peter C. Mann
A number of specialized stains are used in neuropathology. The luxol fast blue stain for the myelin sheath is one of the most commonly used. The stain reacts with the lipoprotein in myelin. With this stain, myelinated nerve fibers appear blue, neutrophils appear pink, and neurons appear purple.
Neurogenic tumors
Published in Eckart Haneke, Histopathology of the NailOnychopathology, 2017
There are many different tumors of the peripheral nerves that can be found in and around the nail organ. The diagnosis is sometimes difficult and based on morphologic similarity with structures of the peripheral nerves, on the development of their neurocristic precursors, and reactions of nerves to injury and regeneration.1 Various cells like neurosustentacular, some mesenchymal cells, and melanocytes are of neuroectodermal origin and share a common progenitor. Thus, they have a number of cell markers in common but they can also, in part, be differentiated with other immunohistochemical markers. Protein S100 is expressed by Schwann cells, glial cells, melanocytes, secretory cells of eccrine sweat glands, fat cells, and chondrocytes. Neurofilaments can only be demonstrated in axons, which are also demonstrable by silver impregnation. Neuron-specific enolase is produced by Schwann cells, neurons, and axons. Myelin is demonstrated with antibodies to myelin basic protein, CD57 (Leu 7), and Luxol fast blue stain. Glial fibrillary acidic protein is a constituent of glial cells, but it is also positive in some Schwann cells of large soft tissue schwannomas and in some salivary gland tumor cells.1 Perineurial cells as well as sebaceous cells are positive for epithelial membrane antigen.
Neuropathology Evaluation of in Utero Correction of Myelomeningocele and Complications of Late-Onset GBS Infection
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2023
Sarah Edminster, Tai-Wei Wu, Alexander Van Speybroeck, Jason Chu, Denise A. Lapa, Ramen H. Chmait, Linda J. Szymanski
The dural patch demonstrated an ingrowth of cells from the dermis into the patch (Fig. 3b). A Luxol fast blue stain showed diffuse loss of myelin staining of neural elements, especially at the fasciculus proprius anterior (Fig. 3b). A glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) stain demonstrated a glial response to the patch. H&E and CD34 stains emphasized blood vessel ingrowth from the host tissue into the dural patch (Fig. 3c,d). CD68 stain highlighted infrequent foreign body giant cells around the dural patch. A trichrome stain highlighted increased dermal collagen deposition with an ingrowth of dermal cells into the patch, leptomeningeal fibrosis, and subcutaneous scar tissue formation (Fig. 4a). The trichrome stain also emphasized neural elements that were incorporated into the dural patch, adhering the patch to the surrounding neural tissue (Fig. 4b). Similar findings have been reported in a fetal sheep model of experimentally induced MMC followed by corrective surgery using human acellular dermal matrix (HADM) patch compared to a biosynthetic cellulose (BC) (Fig. 4c,d) [4].