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Anatomy of the head and neck
Published in Helen Whitwell, Christopher Milroy, Daniel du Plessis, Forensic Neuropathology, 2021
On the lateral surface, a horizontally aligned lateral sulcus separates the frontal lobe from the temporal lobe. By retracting the lips (known as the opercula) of the lateral sulcus, the insula can be exposed. This effectively lies deep to the temporal lobe and is invisible from the surface. A parieto-occipital sulcus posteriorly separates the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe.
Anatomy for neurotrauma
Published in Hemanshu Prabhakar, Charu Mahajan, Indu Kapoor, Essentials of Anesthesia for Neurotrauma, 2018
Vasudha Singhal, Sarabpreet Singh
Insula is a pyramidal-shaped portion of the cortex lying at the bottom of the stem and posterior ramus of the lateral sulcus. The insula integrates sensory and autonomic information from the viscera and is considered a cornerstone for conscious awareness.
The brain
Published in Nan Stalker, Pain Control, 2018
These lobes are divided from one another by deep fissures known as sulci. The central sulcus divides the frontal and parietal lobes; the lateral sulcus divides the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes; and the perieto-occipital sulcus passes downwards and forwards from the back of the hemispheres.
The neuropsychological outcomes of non-fatal strangulation in domestic and sexual violence: A systematic review
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2022
Helen Bichard, Christopher Byrne, Christopher W. N. Saville, Rudi Coetzer
An exploratory study used whole brain MRI scanning to compare IPV survivors, 18 of whom had been strangled, with non-victims (Daugherty et al., 2020). Controlling for other factors, including TBI, sociodemographics, and childhood trauma, strangulation showed a significant negative correlation with cortical thickness in the horizontal ramus of the anterior segment of the lateral sulcus, which feeds into language areas (−0.35). There were no between-group structural differences in the hippocampus. However, the authors excluded participants with neurological illness, such as seizures, as well as cognitive impairment and substance misuse, which may have removed those most severely affected. They did not assess for loss of consciousness, so strangulation severity could not be included in the analysis. Finally, as an exploratory study, they did not account for performing multiple analyses. They concede therefore that a larger study might not replicate these findings.
mRNA expression of the P5 ATPase ATP13A4 is increased in Broca’s area from subjects with schizophrenia
Published in The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 2020
Andrew S. Gibbons, Laura M. Bell, Madhara Udawela, Brian Dean
A case history review was completed for each subject, using the Diagnostic Instrument for Brain Studies (DIBS) (Hill et al. 1996; Roberts et al. 1998). A consensus diagnosis was made on completion of this review by two psychiatrists and a psychologist. Left hemispheric, BA 44 and BA 8 tissue was obtained post-mortem from 30 subjects with schizophrenia and 30 age-/sex-matched subjects with no history of psychiatric illness (controls) (Table 1; Supplementary Table). The cortical regions were dissected according to defined cytoarchitectural boundaries: BA 8 was defined as being primarily in the superior frontal gyrus and extending from the cingulate sulcus on the medial surface to the middle frontal gyrus; BA 44 was the region occupying the opercular region of the inferior frontal gyrus, bounded rostrally by the ascending limb of the lateral sulcus and caudally by the inferior precentral sulcus.
The effects of adjunctive intranasal oxytocin in patients with schizophrenia
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2018
Miho Ota, Sumiko Yoshida, Masanori Nakata, Toshihiko Yada, Hiroshi Kunugi
When ROI analysis was performed on each brain region, we found negative correlations between the gray matter volume/intracranial volume and the changes of PANSS negative score in the right cortical gyrus around the horizontal ramus of the lateral sulcus (correlation coefficient = −0.71, p = 0.004) and left dorsal anterior cortex (anterior midcingulate cortex, correlation coefficient = −0.74, p = 0.003; posterior midcingulate, correlation coefficient = −0.74, p = 0.003) (Figure 2, Table 4). That is, the larger these regions are before oxytocin treatment, the better the negative symptoms become by the oxytocin administration. Further, the regional brain volumes and the changes of PANSS negative score we negatively correlated in the right cortical gyrus around the horizontal ramus of the lateral sulcus (correlation coefficient = −0.61, p = 0.028) and left dorsal anterior cortex (anterior midcingulate cortex, correlation coefficient = −0.61, p = 0.029; posterior midcingulate, correlation coefficient = −0.60, p = 0.029) controlling for sex and age.