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Lower Limb Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Malynda Williams
Liu et al. (2011) suggest that the absence of semimembranosus may present as muscle weakness of knee flexion or hypermobility of the posteromedial knee joint. Variation in the origins of the hamstring muscles may predispose individuals to strains and posterior thigh pain (Fraser et al. 2013). Accessory semimembranosus bellies may become entrapped by the semitendinosus tendon and cause pain (Zeren et al. 2009). A tendon attachment to the lateral meniscus may be misdiagnosed as a lateral meniscus tear (Kim et al. 1997).
Knee Pain
Published in Benjamin Apichai, Chinese Medicine for Lower Body Pain, 2021
Procedures to detect tears of the lateral meniscus: The patient stands with the feet eight to ten inches apart and toes pointed forward.The patient internally rotates the knee by turning the feet inward.The patient squats and slowly stands up.The test is positive for tears of the lateral meniscus when there is an audible click sound or pain in the area of the meniscus.41
Soft Tissue Surgery of the Knee
Published in Timothy W R Briggs, Jonathan Miles, William Aston, Heledd Havard, Daud TS Chou, Operative Orthopaedics, 2020
Stephen Key, Jonathan Miles, Richard Carrington
The anterolateral portal is created 1 cm above the lateral joint line and 1 cm lateral to the lateral border of the patellar tendon. This corresponds to a level just below the inferior pole of the patella. It can be palpated by pushing a thumb against the angle between the lateral border of the patella and the anterolateral border of the upper tibia. If the thumb is left on the upper tibial border, the incision can be made just above the thumb to guide the surgeon to the correct position. It is best done with a pointed, rather than curved, blade, with the blade facing away from the patella tendon. A vertical incision or horizontal incision is acceptable. If using a horizontal incision, once the skin is breached the blade is turned to face vertically upwards to perform the capsulotomy. This reduces the risk of damaging the lateral meniscus.
Biomechanical study of medial meniscus after posterior horn injury: a finite element analysis
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2020
Peishi Jiang, Juncheng Cui, Zhiwei Chen, Zhu Dai, Yangchun Zhang, Guoliang Yi
The corresponding contacts were set according to the physiological state of each part of the normal knee joint. (1) The frictional coefficient between meniscus body and cartilago articularis is small, wherein the frictional force can be ignored (Shriram et al. 2017). The upper surface of the medial and lateral meniscus was set as no-separation contact with femoral cartilage. The lower surface of the medial and lateral meniscus was set as no-separation contact with tibial plateau cartilage. The roots of meniscus were attached to tibial cartilage, and the anterior and posterior horn of meniscus was set as binding contact with tibial cartilage (Cruz et al. 2017). (2) Binding contact was set between bone and anterior and posterior cruciate ligament as well as medial and lateral collateral ligament, femoral cartilage and femur, tibial cartilage and tibia, tibia and fibula according to the anatomical structures, suggesting impossible relative motion.
Internet accuracy of publicly available images of meniscal tears
Published in The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2018
Steven F. DeFroda, John D. Milner, Steven L. Bokshan, Brett D. Owens
Each image was ultimately classified as accurate or inaccurate. The images were deemed accurate if they depicted a partial or complete tear of the medial or lateral meniscus. Radiographic, pictorial, or anatomic/arthroscopic images were all potentially accepted. Each image was further divided into one of two categories: commercial/individual (produced by an individual, commercial, or research entity) or educational (produced from an institution for the purposes of education). Cronbach’s alpha test was used to assess inter-rater reliability between the two reviewers, with values greater than 0.8 considered very good and greater than 0.9 excellent. Chi-squared testing was used to assess the relationship between website type and accuracy. A p–value of 0.05 was used to determine significance for all tests (SPSS Statistics V21.0, IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA).
Use of the normalcy index for the assessment of abnormal gait in the anterior cruciate ligament deficiency combined with meniscus injury
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2020
Xiaode Liu, Hongshi Huang, Shuang Ren, Qiguo Rong, Yingfang Ao
Interpatient NI differences in ACLD patients, either with or without meniscus tears, have also been considered. The result of Jonkheere-Terpsta test showed that higher NI values corresponded to higher severity degrees of injury. For example, the mean score of ACLDM group was higher than that of ACLDL, which implied that there were more abnormal features for ACLDM patients compared with ACLDL patients. The function of lateral meniscus and medial meniscus on the knee joint mobility may provide an explanation of the inference. The lateral meniscus was reportedly more susceptible to the unusual compression and shear forces when performing pivot shift movement (Smith and Barrett 2001), while the medial meniscus is tightly restraint to anteroposterior tibial translation, becoming a wedge between the femur and tibia to stabilize the knee function (Levy et al. 1982). Lateral meniscus is more sensitive to the transverse and frontal movement, playing an important role in postural stability (Lee et al. 2018), while medial meniscus is more susceptible to the sagittal motion. On the other hand, the meniscus transmits 50% to 85% compressive loading through the posterior horns during flexion and extension (Fox et al. 2012). It is well distributed when the meniscus is normal. Total lateral meniscectomy of lateral meniscus results in a 40% to 50% reduction in femoral condyle contact area, while removal of medial meniscus results in a 50% to 70% decrease in contact area (Fox et al. 2012). More increasing in the load per unit area of medial meniscus may contribute to more articular cartilage damage and degeneration than that of lateral meniscus.