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Lower Limb Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Malynda Williams
Macalister (1875) notes that in a case of clubfoot, fibularis longus inserted via three tendons onto the first, third, and fifth metatarsals. Hootnick et al. (1987) describe an individual that had a right limb with congenital tibial aplasia, talocalcaneal synchondrosis, and an adducted foot with five toes. In this limb, fibularis longus became tendinous at midleg. Its tendon inserted onto the distal end of the fibula. Its tendon sent a slip to the connective tissue of the groove posterior to the lateral malleolus.
Examination of Foot and Ankle in a Child
Published in Nirmal Raj Gopinathan, Clinical Orthopedic Examination of a Child, 2021
Nirmal Raj Gopinathan, Mandeep Singh Dhillon, Pratik M. Rathod
The components of the ankle mortise are: Distal articular surface of the tibial plafond.Medial articular surface of the lateral malleolus.Lateral articular surface of the medial malleolus.
Ankle fractures
Published in Maneesh Bhatia, Essentials of Foot and Ankle Surgery, 2021
Oliver Chan, Anthony Sakellariou
It is possible to divide the ankle into two columns: lateral and medial. The lateral column consists of the fibula, the syndesmosis and lateral ligament complex. It had previously been thought that lateral column integrity was key to ankle fracture stability. However, over the last 20 years, it has been recognised that it is the medial column (medial malleolus and deltoid ligament) that is more significant (5), and that stability of a lateral malleolus fracture is important only if medial stability is compromised.
Effects of range of motion exercise of the metatarsophalangeal joint from 2-weeks after joint-preserving rheumatoid forefoot surgery
Published in Modern Rheumatology, 2020
Makoto Hirao, Hideki Tsuboi, Naotaka Tazaki, Kohei Kushimoto, Kosuke Ebina, Hideki Yoshikawa, Jun Hashimoto
The subjects walked on a 10-m walkway with 5 1.4-cm-diameter reflective markers placed at specific landmarks of the foot (1. medial malleolus, 2. lateral malleolus, 3. 3 cm proximal of the insertion of the Achilles tendon, 4. second metatarsal head, and 5. second distal phalanx) (Figure 2(a1–3)). Gait motion was recorded in three dimensions using a 12-Raptor camera infrared motion analysis system (MAC 3D system, Motion Analysis, Corp., Rohnert Park, CA, USA) at a sampling frequency of 500 Hz. The captured data were analyzed using a toolkit: Software for Interactive Musculoskeletal Modeling (SIMM, Motion Analysis, Corp.). In the analysis of gait motion, the extension angle of the second MTP joint at the terminal stance phase (when the heel was most elevated) was measured (Figure 2(a-3,b-1.2)). The difference between the terminal stance phase and the standing still phase in the angle created by the longitudinal axis of the second metatarsal bone and the basal phalanx bone was defined as the extension angle of the second MTP joint at the terminal stance phase (Figure 2(b-2)). As healthy controls, the analysis was also performed in healthy subjects (N = 5, age: 26–35 years, no rheumatoid arthritis, no disorder of the lower extremities including the feet and ankles) (Table 2).
An unexpected complication of nonoperative treatment for tibial posterior malleolus fracture: bony entrapment of tibialis posterior tendon – a case report
Published in Acta Orthopaedica, 2019
Thomas Amouyel, Baptiste Benazech, Marc Saab, Nadine Sturbois-Nachef, Carlos Maynou, Patrice Mertl
While displaced medial and lateral malleolus fractures are often operated on, allowing the diagnosis of the tendon entrapment, posterior malleolus fractures are often neglected or fixed with anterior to posterior screws through a percutaneous approach (Solan and Sakellariou 2017). Internal fixation seems recommended for posterior malleolus fractures involving more than 25% of the articular surface to achieve anatomical reduction (Gardner et al. 2011, Mingo-Robinet et al. 2011). Surgery via a postero-lateral or postero-medial approach allows for anatomical reduction and direct control of tendon and soft tissue entrapment, and thus reduces the risk of malunion. Recent research articles showed good results in patients with posterior malleolus synthesis by screw or buttress plate, without increasing the complication rate due to the postero-lateral approach (Verhage et al. 2016, Bali et al. 2017, Gougoulias and Sakellariou 2017).
Computational biomechanical analysis of postoperative inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis: a modified modeling method
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2018
Haobo Li, Yanxi Chen, Minfei Qiang, Kun Zhang, Yuchen Jiang, Yijie Zhang, Xiaoyang Jia
Once the injury of inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis occurs, lateral malleolus will shorten because the decrease of limited stress from fibula which cause lateral moving of the contact (Dolzynski and Latosiewicz 1998). Compared with the four groups, obvious increase in contact force of articular surface and tensile stress of ligaments were found between the injury group and the rest three groups at three different positions. Ramsay et al. (Ramsey and Hamilton 1976) stated that the limited stress of fibula could be decreased obviously once the lateral malleolus moved laterally, with every lateral moving of 1 mm leading to every 42% decrease of tibiotalar articular stress surface, thus causing instability of the ankle, which may cause chronic pain, traumatic arthritis and so on, if not treated improperly, thus the restore of ankle biomechanical relation is indeed necessary.