China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Trunk Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Rowan Sherwood
Ischiocavernosus may receive fibers from sphincter ani externus (Tubbs and Watanabe 2016). Ischiocavernosus is associated with two named muscular variations. Compressor venae dorsalis refers to fasciculi that originate from the sheath of the corpus cavernosum urethrae and the median raphe (Houston 1831; Bergman et al. 1988; Tubbs and Watanabe 2016). These fasciculi join with their counterparts on the other side of the body via a tendon that courses over the dorsal vein (Houston 1831; Bergman et al. 1988; Tubbs and Watanabe 2016). Pubocavernosus or levator penis refers to anterior bundles of ischiocavernosus that attach to the dorsal surface of the penis (Bergman et al. 1988; Tubbs and Watanabe 2016).
Diagnosis of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Published in Jay A. Goldstein, Chronic Fatigue Syndromes, 2020
The urethral syndrome in women is also more common in CFS. The causes of this disorder are numerous and include various kinds of inflammation, from chlamydia to interstitial cystitis. “Detrusor dyssynergia” is often found. It is treated with anticholinergic antispasmodics, alpha blockers (as in prostatodynia), and calcium channel blockers. A few patients will have intractable detrusor hyperflexia with incontinence. Such patients could be considered for intravesical capsaicin.10 There may be tenderness of the muscles of the urogenital diaphragm, which would include the ischiocavernosus and the bulbocavernosus. These muscles are rarely examined, but could respond to the same sorts of trigger point elimination techniques as are used elsewhere.
Erectile Dysfunction
Published in Botros Rizk, Ashok Agarwal, Edmund S. Sabanegh, Male Infertility in Reproductive Medicine, 2019
Mark Johnson, Marco Falcone, Tarek M. A. Aly, Amr Abdel Raheem
This neurovascular event results in dilatation of the arteries, expansion of the sinusoidal spaces, and an overall reduction in the peripheral vascular resistance. This results in a net inflow of blood into the penis, resulting in expansion or tumescence. The thick tunica albuginea surrounding the corporal bodies limits expansion and, therefore, increases intracorporal pressure. As pressure increases, venous outflow reduces, and once the emissary veins between the inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of the tunica are compressed, the full-erection stage is reached. Further increases in pressure are achieved by the contraction of the ischiocavernosus muscle [5].
Aging and erectile function
Published in The Aging Male, 2020
David R. Meldrum, Marge A. Morris, Joseph C. Gambone, Katherine Esposito
ICP up to 2–4 times systolic levels has been recorded in the human male [39], but pressure within the CC (and therefore penile rigidity) solely from inflow of blood cannot exceed systolic blood pressure. The bulbocavernosal muscles augment erectile potency by partially surrounding the CC to constrict venous outflow and directly increase ICP [39]. Reflex contractions of the PF muscles have been shown to occur due to distention of the CC [40] and pressure on the glans penis [41], resulting in increased ICP with coital thrusting. The ischiocavernosal muscles also overlie and insert onto the penile tunica to allow their contractions to improve erectile quality. In a study of six cadavers of relatively young, sexually active men [42], the bulbocavernosus muscles were described as partially encircling the CC and mostly inserting into the ventral thickening of the tunica. The CC was described as entrapped in the ischiocavernosus muscle with its muscle fibers aligned in a longitudinal direction and inserting into the outer longitudinal collagen bundles of the tunica. The PF muscles were less developed and their points of attachment to the tunica were thinner (p<.01) in the older sexually less active men.
Phantom Penis: Extrapolating Neuroscience and Employing Imagination for Trans Male Sexual Embodiment
Published in Studies in Gender and Sexuality, 2020
During sexual activity, the penis stiffens and extends in length. However, the visible penis has no bone or voluntary muscle. Although the penis appears to move itself, it is passively moved by adjacent muscles and a hydraulic system. Its erotic momentum calls on the forceful movement by hips and torso or being moved upon. Several smooth (involuntary) muscles, under the influence of the autonomic nervous system, are located in the (proximal, internal) root of the penis. The ischiocavernosus muscles aid in the increased inflow and decreased outflow of blood to achieve and sustain erection—that primary accomplishment of the penis, which announces itself proprioceptively via a high density of stretch receptors. Involuntary rhythmic motions of the bulbocavernosous muscles aid ejaculation. In a discussion following Heusner’s article on phantom penises, Yakovlev succinctly elucidates the motor mediocrity of the axial penis: “The genitalia are not outjuttings of the body wall, but rather viscera extruded … . The testicle and penis are endowed with only what may be called cremasteric motion of pulling up—a motion of a part of the body upon the body, with the fulcrum in the body” (1950, p. 132).
Isolated penile corporeal cavernosal injury accompanying pelvic fracture after motor vehicle accident
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2022
Mohamed Elsaqa, Ryan Morris, Lester Wang, Marawan M. El Tayeb
Chen et al studied erectile dysfunction after pelvic fracture and its correlation with associated ischiocavernosus muscle injury.7 They showed that the incidence of erectile dysfunction after pelvic fracture was 27.3%, which was irreversible in 60% of patients. Injury of the ischiocavernosus muscle, especially bilateral injury, was associated with a higher risk of erectile dysfunction.