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Trunk Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Rowan Sherwood
Iliococcygeus attaches to the inner surface of the ischial spine and extends to the obturator fascia (Standring 2016). It also attaches to the sacrum and coccyx and joins with fibers from the opposite side to form a raphe that is continuous with the anococcygeal ligament (Standring 2016). Pubococcygeus is the main part of levator ani (Liu and Salem 2016). It attaches to the posterior surface of the pubis and its fibers run lateral to the urethra and the urethral sphincter along the pelvic floor (Standring 2016). Fibers that attach to the perineal body are referred to as puboperinealis, and some fibers are sometimes referred to as puboanalis as they insert between the external and internal anal sphincters (Liu and Salem 2016; Standring 2016). In males, fibers inferolateral to the prostate are referred to as puboprostaticus or levator prostate (Standring 2016; Liu and Salem 2016). In females, the fibers attach to the lateral walls of the vagina and are referred to as pubovaginalis (Standring 2016; Liu and Salem 2016). Puborectalis is sometimes considered part of pubococcygeus (Standring 2016). It originates from the pubic bones and forms a muscular sling that wraps around the anorectal junction, and some of these fibers may mix with those of the external anal sphincter (Standring 2016; Liu and Salem 2016).
Communicable, infectious and parasitic conditions
Published in Jackie Musgrave, Health and Wellbeing for Babies and Children, 2022
Lice can infest hair, both head and pubic, as well as skin. Itchiness is a common sign of infestation, not all who have an infestation of headlice will have itching, but some will experience extreme itching which can cause a secondary skin infection.
Adult Autopsy
Published in Cristoforo Pomara, Vittorio Fineschi, Forensic and Clinical Forensic Autopsy, 2020
Cristoforo Pomara, Monica Salerno, Vittorio Fineschi
If the bladder needs to be removed, it is important to remember that it is a retroperitoneal organ. It is located in the front part of the pelvic fundus, behind the pubis, where it is attached by the pubic–vesical ligaments. In males, the bladder is located in front of the rectum. In females, this ligament is located in front of the uterus and vagina.11 To remove the bladder, grasp it with toothed forceps, and pull it superiorly and posteriorly while incising the peritoneum. Begin first at the bladder’s posterior concavity and the peritoneum where it extends from the anterior abdomen wall to cover the superior and lateral face of the bladder. Then, incise the middle and lateral umbilical ligaments. Holding the blade turned parallel to the bladder surface, enter the prevesical space of Retzius (the extraperitoneal space between the pubic symphysis and urinary bladder), and incise the two pubic–vesical ligaments, which constitute the floor of this space.
To Shave or Not to Shave: Exploring Pubic Hair Removal among College Students
Published in American Journal of Sexuality Education, 2022
At the same time there has been a rise in pubic hair removal, there has been an increase in discussion of negative consequences, as seen by several studies published on the potential risks associated with pubic hair removal in the form of irritation, inflammation, and infections (Trager, 2006). Schild-Suhren et al. (2017) speculate that pubic hair may have a biological function to serve as a safety net to protect the vulva from such things as bacterial infections, so its removal increases risk. While genital injury is still small, it is noteworthy. For example, as pubic hair removal has increased, visits to the emergency room for genital injuries due to pubic hair removal was found to increase five-fold from 2002 to 2010, making up 3% of all genital injuries in the ER (Glass et al., 2012).
Keeping the pelvic floor healthy
Published in Climacteric, 2019
C. Dumoulin, L. Pazzoto Cacciari, J. Mercier
The PFMs form a diaphragm that spans the entire pelvic cavity and provide support for the pelvic organs1. They comprise the coccygeus and the levator ani muscles with their five parts: the pubovaginal, puboperineal, and puboanal portions, which form the pubovisceral complex, and the puborectalis and iliococcygeus muscles6. These parts of the levator ani muscle form three different regions of the pelvic floor, from anterior to posterior:The pubovisceral muscle consists of muscle fibers that arise from the pubic bone on either side of the symphysis and attach to the walls of the pelvic organs and the perineal body; these help to close the urogenital hiatus.The puborectal muscle forms a sling around and behind the rectum, just cephalad to the external anal sphincter.The iliococcygeal muscle forms a relatively flat, horizontal shelf spanning the potential gap from one pelvic sidewall to the other near the sacrum6.
Long-standing groin pain in an elite athlete: usefulness of ultrasound in differential diagnosis and patient education – a case report
Published in European Journal of Physiotherapy, 2018
Kingsley S. R. Dhinakar, Anjanette Cantoria Lacaste
There are four defined clinical entities for groin pain described in Doha agreement. Adductor-related groin pain presents with adductor tenderness and pain on resisted adduction testing. Iliopsoas tenderness, pain on resisted hip flexion and/or pain on stretching the hip flexors are noted in iliopsoas-related groin pain. Inguinal-related groin pain presents with pain and tenderness in the inguinal canal, aggravated by resistance testing of abdominal muscles or on valsalva/cough/sneeze and with no palpable inguinal hernia. Tenderness of the pubic symphysis and adjacent bone with no particular resistance or provocation test are associated with pubic-related groin pain. Although DOHA agreement has defined clinical entities for groin pain, the exact physical examination was not being discussed and more than one clinical entity can be presented and instrumental diagnosis is not mandatory. Instrumental diagnosis can be often helpful as differential diagnosis needs multifactorial cause elimination. In addition, exploring the role of imaging in the prediction of treatment response or prognosis in those with groin pain is encouraged during the Doha agreement [5]. This information will enable better understanding of the clinical relevance and aid in diagnosis. There is consensus in the literature that groin pain and conjoint tendon laxity or loading variation are effectively diagnosed using ultrasound examination [13,14].