China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
The salivary glands
Published in Neeraj Sethi, R. James A. England, Neil de Zoysa, Head, Neck and Thyroid Surgery, 2020
The gland should be palpated bimanually for the presence of calculi. Examine the ductal opening for purulence. Intraoral palpation should extend to the floor of the mouth and soft tissue of the tongue and cheek. All of the major salivary glands should be examined for masses, symmetry and the presence of discharge, and the neck should be palpated for lymphadenopathy. A quick cranial nerve examination should be conducted paying particular attention to CN VII and XII.
Assessment, classification and documentation of injury
Published in Jason Payne-James, Richard Jones, Simpson's Forensic Medicine, 2019
Jason Payne-James, Richard Jones
A punch is a blow delivered by the clenched fist. The blow can be directed anywhere, and the effects are, in part, dependent on force of delivery. Visible injury is more likely to be seen over those areas of the body where the skin is closely applied to bone, as in the face and skull. The entire range of blunt force injuries can be caused, including reddening, swelling, bruises, abrasions, lacerations and fractures. These findings may also be present on the hand delivering the punch. On the face, the lips may be compressed against the teeth, resulting in bruising, abrasion and lacerations inside the lips. An imprint bruise or abrasion of the teeth may be present. Any examination following a blow to the face or mouth always requires intraoral examination. A single punch to the nose or forehead can cause bilateral periorbital bruising (black eyes). Severe force punches can break ribs. Intra-abdominal injury, including mesenteric laceration, intestinal rupture and injury to the major abdominal organs, may result, particularly if punches of adequate force are delivered to a vulnerable (i.e., untensed) abdomen.
The Home Whitening Technique
Published in Linda Greenwall, Tooth Whitening Techniques, 2017
It is also essential to discuss with patients that their existing composite restorations may not match after whitening and that it may be necessary to replace these composites with lighter ones after the whitening procedures. Photographs with the shade tab that currently matches the teeth are taken (see Figure 5.7). Intraoral photographs can also be taken. These images can be enhanced so that the patient can see the possible outcome before treatment, but no guarantees are given if the images are enhanced. Other factors to take into account are listed in Table 5.2.
Effects of fixed retainers on gingival recession – a 10-year retrospective study
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2023
Roxana Khalil, Java Walladbegi, Anna Westerlund
Patient records were screened for orthodontic treatments with fixed appliances and follow-up of fixed retainers in the period 1995 − 2003. For the control group, new study casts were prepared using alginate (Blueprint Xcreme) impressions with metallic trays. Intraoral images were acquired using a system camera (Canon Powershot G7X). Gingival recessions were measured in the anterior segment, i.e. canine to canine, for the upper-, and lower jaws respectively, using intraoral photographs of the anterior segment and study casts. Gingival recessions were measured in millimetres (mm) from the gingival margin on the mid-buccal surfaces to the cemento–enamel junction. The calibration of the intraoral photographs was done with the ratio of the mid-buccal length for tooth 21 from gingival margin to incisal edge measured on photograph and study cast, respectively.
Dynamic analysis of human small intestinal microbiota after an ingestion of fermented milk by small-intestinal fluid perfusion using an endoscopic retrograde bowel insertion technique
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
Toshihiko Takada, Daisuke Chinda, Tatsuya Mikami, Kensuke Shimizu, Kosuke Oana, Shiro Hayamizu, Kuniaki Miyazawa, Tetsu Arai, Miyuki Katto, Yusuke Nagara, Hiroshi Makino, Akira Kushiro, Kenji Oishi, Shinsaku Fukuda
In this study, it was revealed that as the ingested LFM reach the terminal ileum, not only LcS but also the abundance of Streptococcaceae relatively increased (Supplementary Figure 3). Streptococcaceae strains isolated from the oral fluids before the fermented milk intake and the ileal fluids collected after the intake were identified as monophyletic (Figure 4). This result clearly reveals that Streptococcaceae strains living in the oral cavity reached the terminal ileum in association with the ingested fermented milk without losing their colony-forming ability. This is a new finding that has not been reported in the past. The SS1 strain was isolated from oral fluids collected in three independent studies of subject E (Figure 4), showing that the identical strain colonized the oral cavity for a year. The oral cavity has a unique microbiota, which is different from the intestinal microbiota and is composed of approximately 700 species of bacteria.43 The bacteria that cause periodontitis, bacterial endocarditis, and aspiration pneumonia are included among the oral microbiota, and oral bacteria are causally related to inflammatory bowel disease.43-46 Our result shows that non-negligible amount of bacteria living in the oral cavity pass through the upper gastrointestinal tract with food and drink while being exposed to gastric acid and bile acid, and some of them can reach the terminal ileum alive. Thus, intraoral care is important from the perspective of preventing gastrointestinal diseases as well as oral diseases.
CBCT of Swedish children and adolescents at an oral and maxillofacial radiology department. A survey of requests and indications
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2020
Samara Hajem, Susanne Brogårdh-Roth, Mats Nilsson, Kristina Hellén-Halme
CBCT has been available for about 20 years in dental care. Previous studies [11,12] have found this technique to be useful and provide detailed images in comparison to intraoral and panoramic radiographic imaging. CBCT has been found to be superior for cases which demand images in three planes, for instance, Guerrero et al. [3] found that CBCT images improved scores for subjective image quality and surgical confidence levels when estimating the length of implants at posterior locations of the jaws. However, studies have also concluded that CBCT investigations are not always necessary in order to give a high diagnostic accuracy and a high benefit for the patients [7,13,14]. The backside is that the radiation dose to the patient is higher than with intraoral imaging. However, CBCT is easy to administer, and in some countries, reimbursement is considerably higher than for intraoral imaging, which can encourage a too frequent use of this modality. This is a concern in child and adolescent dental care. Even though the ICRP has published guidelines [14] for a restricted use of CBCT, the number of referrals and performed examinations have unfortunately been on the rise since their introduction. In Sweden, CBCT regulations state that a licensed specialist in oral and maxillofacial radiology must decide when CBCT is justified and then supervise the examination [15].