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Diverticulitis
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
To understand diverticulitis, it is necessary to first understand diverticulosis. Diverticulosis is the development of small pouches in the wall at the last part of the large intestine (sigmoid colon). If a local pouch, or diverticulum, gets inflamed or infected, this is known as diverticulitis. Approximately 1%-10% of patients with diverticulosis may develop diverticulitis. Some literature states the number could be as high as 25%, but studies have not confirmed this.1 Typical symptoms include lower left-sided, crampy abdominal pain, bloating, tenderness, possible low grade fever, nausea with vomiting, and constipation or sometimes diarrhea.
Do I Have IBS?
Published in Melissa G. Hunt, Aaron T. Beck, Reclaim Your Life From IBS, 2022
Melissa G. Hunt, Aaron T. Beck
Diarrhea and abdominal pain, in particular, can occur in a range of gastrointestinal diseases and conditions, so it is very important to consult with your physician to be confident that you have ruled them out. Conditions that share symptoms with IBS fall into several basic categories. These include inflammatory bowel diseases, celiac disease, bile acid diarrhea, pancreatic insufficiency, diverticulitis, cancer (which is extremely rare), and intestinal parasites.
Nutrition for children with chronic diseases and syndromes
Published in Judy More, Infant, Child and Adolescent Nutrition, 2021
The intestinal inflammation in Crohn’s disease is believed to be caused by an immune reaction against certain bacterial colonisation of the bowel. The inflammation can occur anywhere from the mouth to the anus although most commonly in the terminal ileum or colon. The normal food residues passing through the gastrointestinal tract are thought to be the energy source for these bacteria. To induce remission from the inflammation exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) using a synthetic liquid diet free of all food residues for 6–12 weeks is used in preference to treatment by corticosteroids. The advantages of EEN are:growth support;avoidance of corticosteroid-associated adverse effects;more effective healing of the mucosa.
Therapeutic effects of Bombax ceiba flower aqueous extracts against loperamide-induced constipation in mice
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Liuping Wang, Shiyuan Xie, Xuan Jiang, Caini Xu, Youqiong Wang, Jianfang Feng, Bin Yang
Constipation is a common digestive tract disease (Liu et al. 2020) mainly caused by intestinal disorders, which is associated with infrequent bowel movements (Yin et al. 2018), altered bowel habits, difficulty during defecation and disappearance of defecation intention that causes discomfort and seriously affect the quality of life of patients (Wang et al. 2017). Some studies suggest that multiple plant extracts are attracting attention nowadays because of their laxative and there is hardly any side effect on constipation (Gilani et al. 2000; Han 2015; Lu et al. 2021). Moreover, according to the traditional Chinese medicine theory, the B. ceiba flower is cool-natured (Zhang et al. 2015), and is regarded as having laxative property (Shahat et al. 2003). BCE is an aqueous extract from B. ceiba flower, and our study suggests that BCE has a positive effect on relieving the symptoms of loperamide-induced constipation mice.
The injuries of spleen and intestinal immune system induced by 2-Gy 60Co γ-ray whole-body irradiation
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2023
An Wang, Zhongyu Shi, Lei Wang, Yan Wang, Xiaoying Chen, Changhao He, Xiaomeng Zhang, Wenhui Xu, Qian Fu, Tieshan Wang, Shujing Zhang, Yushan Gao, Sumin Hu
Intestine is not only an important organ for digestion and absorption, but also an important place for immune response. The intestinal immune system is mainly composed of GALT, associated cells, and associated molecules, which plays an essential role in maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis, mediating immune responses, and regulating inflammation (Kuai et al. 2021). GALT are located throughout the intestine and include PP, MLN, isolated lymphoid follicles (ILF) (Liu, Yin, et al. 2020), IEL as well as lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) (Kaneko et al. 2005). MLN and PP are inductive sites, while lamina propria and IEL are effector sites (Chen et al. 1998). So, the T cells in IEL are derived or at least partially derived from MLN and PP. In this study, a significant decrease of IEL count was observed at the first day after irradiation. We contend it not only due to the direct damage by γ-ray, but also relate to the reduced lymphocyte source from MLN and PP. In addition, at day 21 after exposure, the IEL and PP lymphocyte counts returned to the normal level, however the MLN lymphocyte counts did not recover completely, suggesting the recovery of MLN was later than that of PP and IEL.
An introduction to the Food-Based Dietary Guidelines for the Elderly in South Africa
Published in South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2021
Carin Napier, Heleen Grobbelaar, Wilna Oldewage-Theron
Ageing affects the motor and sensory functions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract resulting in the elderly having a higher susceptibility to GI complications of co-morbid illnesses.47 Specific age-related GI changes affect the oesophagus and colon specifically. These include reduced peristaltic pressure in the oesophagus leading to dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux and reduction in colon motility causing constipation.47 GI problems, such as diarrhoea and constipation, are common among the elderly. Rates of almost 50% for the elderly older than 55 years and 70% for those in nursing homes have been reported. Constipation is mainly caused by medication use, certain diseases such as diabetes and irritable bowel syndrome, blunted thirst mechanisms that may result in too low fluid intakes, less responsive intestinal muscle movement, declining cognitive function that may result in the elderly not recognising the urge to defecate, and low-fibre diets due to chewing problems.48 The GI tract has an important role in maintaining homeostasis of many physiological processes such as ensuring adequate digestion and absorption of nutrients.49 A healthy and well-functioning GI tract is associated with life satisfaction whereas diseases of the digestive system have been associated with a higher symptom burden that negatively affects the general health of elderly people. Furthermore, research has found a higher prevalence of anxiety and depression among those elderly who have GI symptoms.50