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Lower limb
Published in David Heylings, Stephen Carmichael, Samuel Leinster, Janak Saada, Bari M. Logan, Ralph T. Hutchings, McMinn’s Concise Human Anatomy, 2017
David Heylings, Stephen Carmichael, Samuel Leinster, Janak Saada, Bari M. Logan, Ralph T. Hutchings
Tensor fasciae latae - short muscle on the lateral side of the anterior thigh (Fig.8.3) arising from the anterior 5 cm of the outer edge of the iliac crest and running distally to blend into the iliotibial tract. It helps to brace the iliotibial tract and keep the knee extended by working with gluteus maximus (p. 214). It is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve.
Musculoskeletal (including trauma and soft tissues)
Published in Dave Maudgil, Anthony Watkinson, The Essential Guide to the New FRCR Part 2A and Radiology Boards, 2017
Dave Maudgil, Anthony Watkinson
The medial meniscus is attached to the deep fibres of the medial collateral ligament and may become detached from the latter in traumatic injury; the lateral meniscus is not attached to the lateral collateral ligament. Discoid configuration is much more common in the lateral meniscus and more liable to tear. Patellar tendonitis usually occurs at the inferior or superior aspect of the tendon (jumper’s knee). Patella baja (low lying) is associated with achondroplasia. The iliotibial tract is situated on the lateral aspect of the knee.
Trunk and lower extremity long-axis rotation exercise improves forward single leg jump landing neuromuscular control
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
John Nyland, Ryan Krupp, Justin Givens, David Caborn
The rationale behind the improved LE neuromuscular control that was observed in this study may be best explained using kinesiological concepts. The gluteus maximus muscle possesses a thick fascial insertion to the iliotibial tract (Shiraishi et al., 2018). During locomotion, the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus muscles and the tensor fascia lata of the stance LE balance the weight of the body, and that of the non-weightbearing LE (Cho et al., 2018; Neumann, 2010). At knee flexion angles less than 30°, the ACL is the primary tibial internal rotation restraint, but at greater knee flexion angles the gluteus maximus and tensor fascia lata muscles provide a synergistic secondary restraint through the iliotibial band (Cibulka and Bennett, 2020; Kaplan and Jazrawi, 2018; Kline et al., 2018; Matsumoto, 1990; Suero et al., 2013) as the gluteus medius muscle helps control frontal and transverse plane pelvis and femoral alignment directly through the hip joint (Neumann, 2010).
Assessment of the thigh skin and fascia strains during knee flexion-extension: an ex-vivo study
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2019
Y. Sednieva, K. Bruyère-Garnier, A. Naaim, A. Viste, L.L Gras
The image with a hip angle of 0° and knee extension was considered as reference image for strain analysis. Preliminary results (Figure 2) show the distribution of the major ε1 and minor ε2 principal strains for a flexion of the knee close to 90°, when hip was at 0°. The knee area stretched a lot due to knee flexion, and strain was not computed on many points in this area. On the thigh skin, the principal strains directions are homogeneous on the distal half part of the thigh showing tension lines around the knee. It differs on the proximal half part of the thigh, maybe because of the table leading to non-free boundary conditions. Regarding the fascia, principal strain directions differ above the iliotibial tract (ITT) and on the area of ITT. On the ITT area, principal strains observed are larger and form an angle with the longitudinal direction of the thigh although ITT has main collagen fibres orientations in the longitudinal direction of the thigh (Otsuka et al. 2018).
Effects of whole-body vibration plus hip-knee muscle strengthening training on adult patellofemoral pain syndrome: a randomized controlled trial
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Zhangxiang Wu, Zhi Zou, Jiugen Zhong, Xinbo Fu, Ligen Yu, Jinzhu Wang, Xin Wang, Qianwen Wu, Xiaohui Hou
Patients were excluded if they presented (1) severe injury or pathological changes in knee structures such as ligaments, menisci, patellar tendons, iliotibial tracts, articular capsules, and articular folds; (2) a history of severe trauma or surgery in the knee or lower extremity; (3) dislocation or subluxation of the patella; (4) a previous diagnosis of Osgood–Schlatter disease or Siding–Larsen–Johanssen syndrome; (5) effusion of the knee joint; (6) severe cardiovascular disease, tumours, gallstones or kidney stones, severe disc or spinal lesions, a pacemaker, epilepsy, fresh fractures or surgery, acute arthritis; or (7) pregnancy.