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Anatomy of the Anterior Abdominal Wall
Published in Jeff Garner, Dominic Slade, Manual of Complex Abdominal Wall Reconstruction, 2020
The central zone is supplied by the deep superior and inferior epigastric arteries, the posterolateral zone by segmental arteries from the aorta and the inferior zone based on branches of the aorta, external iliac and femoral vessels.5 Note that the central and inferior zones overlap in the hypogastrium. The central zone contains the rectus sheath, the rectus abdominis muscles, the overlying dermis and subcutaneous tissues and the underlying peritoneum.
Transvaginal Sonography in the Management of Infertility
Published in Asim Kurjak, Ultrasound and Infertility, 2020
Ilan E. Timor-Tritsch, Shraga Rottem
Two potential procedural pitfalls have to be mentioned here. First, it is difficult to locate the ovaries quickly. They usually are found in the space between the posterolateral wall of the uterus and the easily located “large” hypogastric vein and artery (Figure 6). Therefore, it is advisable to start the scanning by first locating one of these structures. It also should be remembered that following previous pelvic surgery, the ovaries may be found in different and slightly unusual sites. Also, in a fraction of the cases they may only be found by employing the transabdominal scanning route.
Surgical treatment of endometriosis
Published in Caroline Overton, Colin Davis, Lindsay McMillan, Robert W Shaw, Charles Koh, An Atlas of ENDOMETRIOSIS, 2020
Caroline Overton, Colin Davis, Lindsay McMillan, Robert W Shaw, Charles Koh
This technique aims to disrupt the hypogastric plexus and relieve chronic pelvic pain. In selected cases it has been shown to be effective at treating dysmenorrhoea and chronic pelvic pain16. A recent prospective observational study of 15 patients with minimal to moderate endometriosis demonstrated that laparoscopic presacral chemical neurolysis with phenol resulted in a reduction of total pelvic pain, especially dysmenorrhoea, and an improvement in sexual function17. It appeared to be a safe procedure, with the most common side-effect being constipation.
Mass spectrometry based metabolomics for small molecule metabolites mining and confirmation as potential biomarkers for schistosomiasis – case of the Okavango Delta communities in Botswana
Published in Expert Review of Proteomics, 2022
Sedireng M. Ndolo, Matshediso Zachariah, Lebotse Molefi, Nthabiseng Phaladze, Kwenga F. Sichilongo
The acute stage is commonly a manifestation of schistosomiasis eggs deposited in host tissues. Hematuria is a common symptom of S. haematobium in the acute stage of infection, and is usually a result of granulomatous inflammation caused by the deposition of eggs into the host tissues. At the acute stage, S. mansoni deposits eggs into the gut wall, inducing inflammation, ulceration, and polyposis. Symptoms usually include blood in the feces or diarrhea, and colicky, hypogastric pain in children [15]. Colonic polyposis and an inflammatory mass in the colon are associated with protein leaching [15,16]. When eggs are voided to the outside of the host in urine or feces, they need fresh water to hatch and continue the life cycle [8,14]. Eggs not voided are swept into the blood circulation, and the periportal tract of the liver filters them. Some eggs are trapped in the spinal cord, brain, cerebellum, leptomeninges, and choroid plexus [8,14,17]. These manifest in central nervous system (CNS) infections and cause symptoms such as dizziness, vomiting, headache, and even paralysis [18,19]. Schistosomiasis disrupts the host’s metabolic regulation host, such as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and glycolysis, as the schistosomula consumes glucose [20,21]. Although there is limited information on the disruption of energy production systems in humans as a result of parasitic infection, there is evidence that schistosomiasis in birds interferes with the molecular pathways critical for protein production and lipid biogenesis in tissues that are along the schistosomiasis migration pathway [22].
Potential of thrombospondin-1 in treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome rat model: a preliminary study
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2021
Mei-mei Liu, Chao Wang, Yu-hong Zhang, Rui-jing Wang, Xiu-min Lu, Pei-ling Li, Yu-xin Wang, Pi-dong Gong, Ning Liu, Ting Zhang, Ting-ting Tian
After collection of blood samples, rats were sacrificed, and then fixed in the supine position on the operating table. The skin of hypogastrium was cut along the vagina. The bilateral ovaries and the surrounding fatty tissues were removed and weighed on the electronic balance, and then placed in 10% formaldehyde solution for 24–48 h. The right ovary was prepared for paraffin embedding along the cross-section. The animals were disposed in accordance with the regulations for the Ethical Guidelines for the Use of Animals in Research. The paraffin sections (5 μm) were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and acidified ethylated ethanol. These sections were dehydrated, made transparent with xylene, and sealed with neutral balata. The morphological structures of ovary were observed under the Olympus BX40 microscope and analyzed by the histologists. Five fields were randomly selected with magnification of 400, and the vessel density was defined as the average number of vessels per unit area (0.1 mm2) which was measured by the Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software.
Superior hypogastric plexus block as an effective treatment method for endometriosis-related chronic pelvic pain: an open-label pilot clinical trial
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2021
Sepideh Khodaverdi, Mahmoud Reza Alebouyeh, Kambiz Sadegi, Abolfazl Mehdizadehkashi, Mania Kaveh, Saeid Reza Entezari, Hossein Mirzaei, Mojdeh Khaledi, Maryam Khodaverdi
The superior hypogastric plexus (SHP), as a retroperitoneal structure, is located bilaterally between the fifth lumbar and the first sacral vertebra in a sacral promontory. This network innervates the pelvic floor and genitalia through the nerves of hypogastric plexus that is the main cause of pelvic pain (Jones and Rock 2015). Safety and efficacy of SHP block have been reported in the treatment of CPP, especially in patients with pelvic cancers and secondary dysmenorrhoea (Plancarte et al. 1997; Yang et al. 2018). However, the efficacy of SHP block in pain management in patients with refractory endometriosis has not been investigated in earlier investigations. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of SHP block on pain and quality of life of patients with refractory endometriosis who were irresponsive to medication therapy.