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Physical inactivity and health
Published in Sally Robinson, Priorities for Health Promotion and Public Health, 2021
Daneshmandi et al. (2017) studied office workers and found that those who sat for an average six and a half hours per day reported lower back (53%), neck (53%) and shoulder (52%) pain. The authors explain that when sitting, the spine deviates from its normal S-shaped curve, which causes greater pressure on the spine and less pressure on the lower limbs. When we stand, the spine returns to its normal shape and the lower limbs take more of the body’s weight. Sitting means we are not using muscles in our legs and buttocks, which can lead to muscle atrophy. Atrophy means the muscle shortens and weakens. One outcome is that the hip joints are poorly supported, resulting in pain and limping. In turn, pain discourages muscle use and a downward cycle begins (Amaro et al., 2007; Tamura et al., 2019). Sitting also puts stress on the other muscles and the spine. For example, the longer we sit, the more likely we are to slouch, causing prolonged muscle contraction and pressure on the joints around the neck and lower back which eventually leads to pain (Kwon et al., 2018).
Examination of Hip Joint in a Child
Published in Nirmal Raj Gopinathan, Clinical Orthopedic Examination of a Child, 2021
Nirmal Raj Gopinathan, Reet Mukopadhya, Karthick Rangasamy, Ramesh Kumar Sen
The long axes of the limb are parallel to each other and to the axis of the trunk. It is marked by joining the ASIS, mid-patellar point, midpoint on the anterior aspect of the ankle joint (midpoint on a line connecting the prominent points of the two malleoli), and the second web of the foot. During adduction, the middle third of the contralateral thigh is crossed before the pelvis starts moving. A way of preventing pelvic movement while assessing abduction is to position the contralateral limb in abduction and allow the leg to drop off the table, flexing the knee. This stabilizes the pelvis preventing any coronal movement after which abduction can be assessed. In the same manner, rotational movements are tested in hip flexion and extension; adduction–abduction can also be tested in flexed and extended positions of the hip joint (Figure 9.11).
Bio-Implants Derived from Biocompatible and Biodegradable Biopolymeric Materials
Published in P. Mereena Luke, K. R. Dhanya, Didier Rouxel, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Sabu Thomas, Advanced Studies in Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2021
Joints in any parts of the body are important components of the skeletal system. It is positioned at bone joints for the transmission of loads from bone to bone by muscular action; also, there can be some relative motion of the component bones. Tissue of a bone is complex in nature and the composite consisting of soft and strong protein collagen and brittle hydroxyapatite. Bone is an anisotropic material with mechanical properties that differ in the longitudinal (axial) and transverse (radial) directions. The cartilage is a coating on each connecting surface, which consists of body fluids that lubricate and provide an interface with a very low coefficient of friction that provides the bone sliding movement. The human hip joint occurs at the junction between the pelvis and the upper leg (thigh) bone, or femur. Large rotary motion is allowable at the hip by a ball-and-socket type of joint. The top of the femur terminates in a ball-shaped head that fits into a cuplike cavity within the pelvis.
Effects of foam rolling on hip pain in patients with hip osteoarthritis: a retrospective propensity-matched cohort study
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Hisashi Ikutomo, Koutatsu Nagai, Keiichi Tagomori, Namika Miura, Kenichi Okamura, Takato Okuno, Norikazu Nakagawa, Kensaku Masuhara
This study revealed that 90% or more of patients with both high and low radiographic progression of hip osteoarthritis in the FR group had improved hip pain greater than the MCID. Thus, FR is an effective intervention for hip pain in patients at all stages of hip osteoarthritis. Patients with hip osteoarthritis often have pain not only in the hip joint but also in multiple locations around the hip joint. Previous studies have reported that 40–70% of patients with hip osteoarthritis have buttock and great trochanter area pain (Lesher et al., 2008; Poulsen et al., 2016). This pain could be attributed not to intra-articular pathologies but to muscle soreness and perceived fatigue of the gluteus muscle group, and chronic inflammation via great trochanteric pain syndrome and abnormal neovessels (Beardsley and Skarabot, 2015; Okuno et al., 2017; Torres, Fernandez-Fairen, and Sueiro-Fernandez, 2018). Kaya (2018) showed that many patients with anterior hip pain had not only intra-articular pathologies (i.e. acetabular labral tears, cartilage injury, and synovitis) but also extra-articular pathologies (i.e. tendinosis of the rectus femoris, fibrosis of the fat pad, and muscle adhesion). Therefore, many patients with hip osteoarthritis may have hip pain because of extra-articular pathologies. FR is effective for improving hip pain in patients at all stages of hip osteoarthritis, through the improvement of extra-articular pain.
Physical therapy management of a patient with persistent groin pain after total hip arthroplasty and iliopsoas tenotomy: a case report
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
There is no high-level evidence to inform evidence-based management of iliopsoas tendinopathy or femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (Enseki et al., 2014; Thorborg et al., 2018). Experts instead have argued for the use of an impairment-based approach for these conditions (Thorborg et al., 2018). Several studies have shown positive outcomes from hip joint mobilization in patients with hip osteoarthritis (Beselga et al., 2016; Hoeksma et al., 2004; MacDonald et al., 2006), but only 2 published cases have reported joint mobilization after THA (Crow, Gelfand, and Su, 2008; Howard and Levitsky, 2007). In a study by Howard and Levitsky (2007), the use of various hip joint mobilization techniques appeared to successfully treat a patient with persistent hip pain after a THA revision surgery. To my knowledge, no published cases exist of physical therapy management of a patient who had undergone iliopsoas tenotomy after THA. Therefore, the purpose of the current case report was to describe the physical therapy treatment of a patient with persistent groin pain after THA and subsequent iliopsoas tenotomy.
Diffusion tensor imaging of the sciatic and femoral nerves in unilateral osteoarthritis of the hip and osteonecrosis of femoral head: Comparison of the affected and normal sides
Published in Modern Rheumatology, 2019
Yasushi Wako, Junichi Nakamura, Shigeo Hagiwara, Michiaki Miura, Yawara Eguchi, Takane Suzuki, Sumihisa Orita, Kazuhide Inage, Yuya Kawarai, Masahiko Sugano, Kento Nawata, Kensuke Yoshino, Yoshitada Masuda, Koji Matsumoto, Seiji Ohtori
A weak negative correlation was observed between the FA value of the sciatic nerve on the affected side in the OA group and the pain duration (Figure 2, R2 = 0.171, p = .045). No correlation was identified between the FA values at the other locations (femoral nerve and S1 root) on the affected side in the OA group and the pain duration (p = .77 and .15, respectively). In the ONFH group, no correlation was found between the FA values at any location (sciatic nerve, femoral nerve, and S1 root) of the affected side and the pain duration (p = .80, .64, and .81, respectively). The VAS pain score was not correlated with the FA values at any location (sciatic nerve, femoral nerve, and S1 root) on the affected side in all patients (p = .33, .67, and .75, respectively). The VAS pain score was not correlated with the FA values at any location (sciatic nerve, femoral nerve, and S1 root) on the affected side in either the OA or the ONFH group, (OA group: p = .73, .11, and .84 and ONFH group: p = .34, .25, and .84, respectively). The hip pain was improved at 3 months after hip joint surgery in all patients. The Japanese Orthopedic Association hip score improved from 44.4 points to 85.2 points.