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Abies Spectabilis (D. Don) G. Don (Syn. A. Webbiana Lindl.) Family: Coniferae
Published in L.D. Kapoor, Handbook of Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants, 2017
The rhizomes are ovate, oblong, pyriform, or cylindical and often short branched. Externally yellowish to yellowish brown. The internal color varies from yellow to yellow orange, waxy. Taste warmly aromatic and bitter, odor aromatic. The transverse section of the rhizomes is characterized by the presence of mostly thin-walled, rounded, parenchyma cells, scattered vascular bundles, definite endodermis, and a few layers of cork developed under the epidermis and scattered oleo-resin cells with brownish contents. The cells of the ground tissue are also filled with many starch grains. Epidermis is thin walled, consisting of cubical cells of various dimensions. The cork cambium is developed from the subepidermal layers and even after the development of the cork the epidermis is retained. Cork is generally composed of four to six layers of thin-walled brick-shaped parenchymatous cells. The parenchyma of the pith and cortex contains curcumin and is filled with starch grains.
Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology
Published in Massimo Maffei, Vetiveria, 2002
Cinzia M. Bertea, Wanda Camusso
V. zizanioides possesses bulliform cells which are confined to a single large group on the adaxial surface of the midrib. Colourless cells, besides those forming girders, and those in the adaxial part of the lamina towards the leaf margins, constitute the portion of the midrib ground tissue between the adaxial bulliform cells and the assimilatory tissue in the keel. During excessive loss of water, the bulliform cells, or the colourless cells (hinge cells, according to Esau, 1977), or both types in conjuction, become flaccid and enable the leaf to fold or to roll. In fact V. zizanioides leaves become folded on drying (Metcalfe, 1960).
Effects of catechin hydrate in benzo[a]pyrene-induced lung toxicity: roles of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and DNA damage
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2021
Samah A. Khattab, Wafaa F. Hussien, Nermin Raafat, Eman Ahmed Alaa El-Din
DNA extraction was done using QIAGEN total DNA extraction kit (QIAamp DNA Mini kit, Qiagen, Germany), according to the Buffone and Darlington (1985) method. Where 25 mg of ground tissue sample was measured and transferred to a 1.5 ml micro-centrifuge tube. 200 µl of CL buffer (lysis buffer), 20 µl proteinase K, and 5 µl of RNase A solutions were added to each sample and mixed vigorously then the lysate was incubated at 56 °C for 30 min. Then, 200 µl of BL buffer (lysis/binding buffer) were added and incubated at 70 °C for 5 min. The sample tube was centrifuged at 13,000 rpm for 5 min to remove un-lysed tissue, where 400 µl of the supernatant was transferred into a new 1.5 mL micro-centrifuge tube, then 200 µl of absolute ethanol was added to the lysate, inverted to mix for 5–6 times, then (wash buffer A) and (wash buffer B) were used, then centrifuged. Where 70 μl of buffer CE (elution buffer) was directly added to the membrane, incubated for 1 min at room temperature, and then centrifuged for 1 min at 13,000 rpm to elute the DNA. The electrophoresis was run in a TAE buffer. Electrophoresis was done at 100 mA and 70 V for approximately 1 h using the EC 360 Submarine Gel electrophoresis system (Maxicell, EC 360 M-E-C Apparatus Cooperation, St. Petersburg, FL, USA). The DNA was visualized using ethidium bromide and photographed. DNA was evaluated according to Wlodek et al. (1991).
The level of S-glutathionylated protein is a predictor for metastasis in colorectal cancer and correlated with those of Nrf2/Keap1 pathway
Published in Biomarkers, 2021
Liang-Che Chang, Chung-Wei Fan, Wen-Ko Tseng, Chung-Ching Hua
The tissues frozen in liquid nitrogen were thawed at room temperature and washed by 1 × Dulbecco's Phosphate-Buffered Saline. The washed tissues with 500 μl 1 × cell lysis buffer in 2 ml reinforced homogenisation tubes pre-filled with 2.8 mm zirconium oxide beads (CK28-R, Bertin Technologies, Montigny-le Bretonneux, France) were ground by using a Precelly's homogeniser (Bertin Technologies) at 6000 rpm for 2 courses of 10 s × 3 times with an interval of 5 min. The ground tissue was added with 10 μl of each phosphatase and protease inhibitor cocktail and was left on the ice for 10 min after vortex mixing. After centrifugation with 14000 g at 4 °C for 15 min, the supernatant was collected, quantitated and stored at −80 °C for the later gel electrophoresis.
Geochemical speciation and bioaccumulation of trace elements in different tissues of pumpkin in the abandoned soils: Health hazard perspective in a developing country
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Md Saiful Islam, Md Kawser Ahmed, Abubakr M. Idris, Khamphe Phoungthong, Md Ahosan Habib, Ramal Ahmed Mustafa
The BCF values of essential and toxic elements in different plant parts of pumpkin are shown in Figure S3. The BCF value of the studied heavy metals except Mn in leaves, stems, fruits and roots were higher than 1.00 indicates that all plant parts can accumulate considerable amount of studied metals except Mn. Considering all tissues of plants, the BCF value of essential and toxic elements in leaves were higher than stems, fruits and roots (Figure S3). As a whole, the mean BCF values of essential and toxic elements in plant tissues decreased in the order of Fe > Zn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Cd > As > Pb > Mn. Lead is somewhat remain as stable form in soil (Khairiah et al.2009) and in the present study a considerable proportion of Pb was bind to the Fe-Mn oxides in soils (Figure 2) (Juen et al.2014) and is likely to be available in the form of Fe oxides. The BCF values of Mn were 0.14, 0.11, 0.09 and 0.12 for leaves, stems, fruits and roots, respectively which was lower than 1.0 and suggests that Mn bioavailability is low, and plants can only absorb this element but do not accumulate to the above ground tissue. Additionally, the BCF values of all studied essential and toxic elements recorded higher concentrations in roots than in stems and/or fruits. This is in agreement with the report by Bonanno (2013) suggesting that essential and toxic elements tend to be retained in the lower plant parts and roots may act as a barrier against elements translocation into the other parts (Liu et al.2009). The bioconcentration of essential and toxic elements in the edible parts of pumpkin could have a direct impact on the health of nearby inhabitants.