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Rhinolaryngoscopy for the Allergist
Published in Pudupakkam K Vedanthan, Harold S Nelson, Shripad N Agashe, PA Mahesh, Rohit Katial, Textbook of Allergy for the Clinician, 2021
Jerald W Koepke, William K Dolen
The lingual tonsils are located on either side of the dorsum of the tongue anterior to the epiglottis (Fig. 11.6). The median glossoepiglottic fold and the two lateral glossoepiglottic folds attach the epiglottis to the base of the tongue.
Head and Neck
Published in Rui Diogo, Drew M. Noden, Christopher M. Smith, Julia Molnar, Julia C. Boughner, Claudia Barrocas, Joana Bruno, Understanding Human Anatomy and Pathology, 2018
Rui Diogo, Drew M. Noden, Christopher M. Smith, Julia Molnar, Julia C. Boughner, Claudia Barrocas, Joana Bruno
As explained in Section 3.4.4.2, the tongue is a peculiar structure of the adult head, both developmentally and evolutionarily, because its muscles actually derive from the somites. To form the tongue, trunk mesodermal myocytes migrated around and beneath the pharynx and then rostrally to the oral region. Correspondingly, in humans these muscles are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) and by C1 (which runs with the hypo-glossal nerve to innervate the geniohyoid muscle). The tongue includes the root of the tongue (posterior one-third), the body of the tongue (anterior two-thirds), and the apex of the tongue; these regions and the dorsum of the tongue are shown in Plate 3.40. The dorsum of the tongue includes the foramen cecum lying in the midline at the point of the terminal sulcus (sulcus terminalis); this foramen marks the origin of the thyroglossal duct, formed by the caudal migration of the embryonic thyroid gland from an invagination of the tongue epithelium. Anterior to the terminal sulcus, the dorsum of the tongue is covered with lingual papillae (vallate, filiform, fungiform, and foliate) and is divided in the midline by the median sulcus. Posterior to the terminal sulcus lies the lingual tonsil. The median glossoepiglottic fold is a midline mucosal fold connecting the dorsum of the tongue to the epiglottis and lying medial to the lateral glossoepiglottic folds; the depressions between the median and lateral glossoepiglottic folds are the epiglottic valleculae.
Anatomy of the Pharynx and Oesophagus
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford, Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
The posterior third of the dorsum of the tongue slopes downwards from the sulcus terminalis to form the anterior vallecular wall of the oropharynx (Figure 47.4). The nodular appearance of the mucous membrane in this region is largely due to the aggregations of lymphoid follicles—the lingual tonsils—which complete Waldeyer’s ring. A midline ridge, or fold, of mucous membrane extending from the tongue to the anterior lingual surface of the epiglottis, the median glossoepiglottic fold, divides the valleculae into two shallow right and left depressions. Similar mucosal folds limit the valleculae laterally. These lateral glossoepiglottic folds extend from the lateral aspect of the epiglottis to the pharyngeal wall, not to the tongue as the name would suggest. These are sometimes referred to as the pharyngoepiglottic folds. The nerve supply in this region of the oropharynx is via the internal laryngeal nerve, a branch of the vagus nerve. The mucosa in rest of the oropharynx is supplied predominantly by the glossopharyngeal nerve and to a lesser degree by the lesser palatine nerve.
Correlation between dysphonia and dysphagia evolution in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients
Published in Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology, 2021
Chiara Mezzedimi, Enza Vinci, Fabio Giannini, Serena Cocca
The superior division of the human ISLN is composed of two or three secondary branches and five to seven tertiary branches. Only the most superior branch supplies the lingual surface of the epiglottis and lateral glossoepiglottic fold. The others supply the laryngeal surface of the epiglottis. The nerve branches reach the laryngeal surface of the epiglottis by penetrating the aryepiglottic fold. Usually, the secondary nerve branches on each side run up in the lateral margin of the epiglottis. During their courses, they break up numerous fine twigs that spread out to join with those from the opposite side.