China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Calcaneal fractures
Published in Maneesh Bhatia, Essentials of Foot and Ankle Surgery, 2021
Devendra Mahadevan, Adam Sykes
Posteriorly sits the calcaneal tuberosity which represents the attachment point for the Achilles tendon. The plantar continuation of the tuberosity splits into a medial and lateral process. The medial side is the origin of the plantar fascia and flexor digitorum brevis muscle and transmits the force of the gastrocsoleus complex forward into the foot. The lateral process is comparably smaller and acts as the origin of the abductor digiti minimi muscle.
Soft-Tissue Repair for Proximal and Middle Third Problems
Published in Armstrong Milton B., Lower extremity Trauma, 2006
Kreithen Joshua, Woodberry Kerri, O Seung-Jun
The flexor digitorum longus muscle originates on the posterior surface of the tibia and inserts on the base of the distal phalanges of the second, third, fourth, and fifth toes. It functions to flex the distal phalanges and is expendable if the muscle insertion is not divided and the flexor digitorum brevis muscle is left intact. The muscle is approximately 5 X 40 cm2 and is located medial to the tibia and between the soleus and tibialis posterior muscles. This small pure muscle flap has limited applications for coverage of the middle and lower third of the leg.
Cooling down the use of cryotherapy for post-exercise skeletal muscle recovery*
Published in Temperature, 2018
Within the same study, the potential intramuscular mechanisms underlying the temperature-dependent recovery of muscle function were investigated in intact single muscle fibres from mouse flexor digitorum brevis. A major advantage of the intact single fibre technique employed in our study is that Ca2+ is a known major regulator of skeletal muscle force generation and this preparation allows us to determine how fatigue-induced changes in intracellular Ca2+ handling affect contractile force [3]. In our study, all muscle fibres were fatigued with repeated submaximal contractions (31°C), but thereafter fibres were separated into four different recovery temperatures where they were cooled (16°C, 26°C), not treated (31°C) or heated above the in-vivo physiological temperature of the mouse flexor digitorum brevis muscle (36°C). Recovery of contractile function was assessed by stimulating muscle fibres every 30 min during the 2 h recovery period. The results from these experiments revealed that cooling skeletal muscle fibres depressed the recovery of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release and submaximal force, whereas heating improved recovery. Some fibres underwent a fatigue test involving repeated contractions following the recovery period, and comparable to the result in the human studies, we were able to show that fatigue resistance was impaired in fibres that underwent cooling versus heating in the recovery period.