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Anatomy of the head and neck
Published in Helen Whitwell, Christopher Milroy, Daniel du Plessis, Forensic Neuropathology, 2021
The falx cerebri is located within the longitudinal fissure separating the left and right cerebral hemispheres. Inferiorly, it is attached to the crista galli and the internal occipital crest of the inner surface of the occipital bone. Both the superior and inferior sagittal venous sinuses lie within the falx cerebri. Its posterior margin is continuous with the tentorium cerebelli, which separates the cerebellar hemispheres from the cerebrum, but is at right angles to the falx cerebri. The transverse sinus is located within the tentorium cerebelli. Finally, the falx cerebelli separates the two cerebellar hemispheres in the midline but inferior to the tentorium cerebelli (Figure 1.3).
Choroid Plexus Tumors and Meningiomas
Published in David A. Walker, Giorgio Perilongo, Roger E. Taylor, Ian F. Pollack, Brain and Spinal Tumors of Childhood, 2020
Kenneth K. Wong, Elwira Szychot, Jennifer A. Cotter, Mark Krieger
Most patients with meningioma have a normal physical examination. Occasionally, convexity tumors associated with prominent hyperostosis or direct bony extension may produce a palpable bulge on the skull. Physical stigmata of NF2 or schwannomatosis may include hearing loss for NF2 and multiple palpable schwannomas. Many meningioma patients are asymptomatic and may remain so for a long time. Meningiomas can arise anywhere from the dura, most commonly within the skull and at sites of dural reflection, such as falx cerebri, tentorium, or venous sinuses.111 Other, less common sites include the optic nerve sheath and choroid plexus. Approximately 10% arise in the spine, and may present with progressive leg weakness and numbness. Very rarely, meningiomas can arise at extradural sites.112
Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Tumor Syndromes, 2020
Priyanka Chhadva, Pete Setabutr
Calcification of the falx cerebri is a radiologic diagnosis for BCNS, and its frequency increases with age [34]. A rare but serious occurrence is medulloblastoma, which is a common pediatric primary brain tumor. It usually occurs at the age of 7–8 but may present around the age of 2 and predominantly occurs in males (3:1) when associated with BCNS. It occurs sporadically in 5% of cases and when diagnosed in young children, BCNS should be on the differential [14,18,39].
Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome: a case report and literature review
Published in Ophthalmic Genetics, 2022
Shripadh Chitta, Jineet Patel, Shravan Renapurkar, Christopher Loschiavo, Jennifer Rhodes, Kayla King, Kimberly Salkey, Natario Couser
There are several other CNS findings and diagnoses that are not commonly seen in NBCCS but constitute minor criteria for diagnosis. One such finding is medulloblastoma. It is a CNS complication of NBCCS that is more severe than a calcified falx cerebri. Incidence of medulloblastoma in NBCCS varies from 0% to 5% (3,23,31). Bony bridging of the sella turcica is another minor criteria, and in one Korean study, found in 21% of patients (23). Other notable CNS findings include intellectual disability (seen in 3% of patients) (23), congenital hydrocephalus (16,23) and calcified tentorium cerebellum (4,23). These latter findings are not minor criteria, but identification and treatment of these in NBCCS patients is of utmost importance as neglecting them will inevitably lead to poorer quality of life.
Parasagittal and parafalcine meningiomas: integral strategy for optimizing safety and retrospective review of a single surgeon series
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2020
Daniel G. Eichberg, Amanda M. Casabella, Simon A. Menaker, Ashish H. Shah, Ricardo J. Komotar
Certain intraoperative maneuvers allow for less encumbered visualization of all points of attachment of the tumor and more aggressive tumor resection, although they confer potentially catastrophic risks to critical neurovascular structures. Some surgeons advocate for crossing the SSS while turning the craniotomy in order to improve visualization and potentially mobilize the SSS if necessary during tumor dissection. While technically feasible, crossing the sinus, particularly in patients with poor dural integrity or adherent dura, may result in injury to the sinus, and can potentially cause devastating complications such as venous infarct, hemorrhagic conversion, or air embolism. Additionally, if there is attachment to the falx cerebri, some neurosurgeons recommend resecting the falx, as removing all dural attachments minimizes the change of recurrence.16 However, falx resection places important structures at risk such as the pericallosal and callosomarginal arteries, SSS and inferior sagittal sinus, and the contralateral cortex. Again, while resecting the falx is possible, we believe it creates undo risk for the patient.
Preliminary evaluation of foetal liver volume by three-dimensional ultrasound in women with gestational diabetes mellitus
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2018
Gülşah İlhan, Hüseyin Gültekin, Ayça Kubat, Ayse Filiz Gokmen Karasu, Emre Sinan Güngör, Galip Ali Zebitay, Fatma Ferda Verit Atmaca
Thirty-three GDM (+) women and 64 gestational age-matched GDM (−) controls were eligible. All of the women underwent an obstetric ultrasound scan. The sonographic examination included standard foetal biometric measurements and FLV measurements. The ultrasound examination was performed transabdominally. All foetal biometric measurements and liver volume were performed by one examiner. BPD (mm), HC (mm), AC (mm) and FL (mm) were evaluated. For the BPD, a transverse section of the foetal head in which both the second ventricles and the thalami were symmetrically in-view with a horizontal midline was used. The measurement was performed perpendicular to the midline echo of the falx cerebri, outer edge to the inner edge at the widest point. The FL measurement only included the femoral diaphysis length, excluding the hypoechogenic cartilaginous structures at the ends of the femur. The AC measurement was performed at the umbilical vein and foetal liver complex level at a transverse section of the abdomen. An EFW was calculated by those parameters according to Hadlock’s formula (Boito et al. 2002).